Popular Devotional Movements, part 1

1. Popular Devotional Movements, part 1 Peter Waldo and Francis of Assisi

2. Popular Religion and Heresy • What is heresy? • Peter Waldo and the Waldensians • The Albigensians (Cathars) • Rise of the Mendicants: St. Francis and the Franciscans • Wealth, Poverty, and the Profit economy • Monks and the Mendicant Friars: two models of spirituality

3. Peter Waldo and the Waldensians • “If you will be perfect, sell all you have and give it to the poor. As you go, preach the message, “The kingdom of heaven is at hand...Freely you have received, freely give. Do not keep gold or silver or money in your belts, nor wallet for your journey, nor two tunics nor sandals, nor staffs...” Matthew 19:21 • Poverty and the Apostolic life • Importance of evangelism

4. Heretical Movements • “It is better to obey God than man.” • Peter Waldo excommunicated in 1184 • Waldensians declared heretical and movement crushed • Pope Innocent III launches a crusade against Albigensians (Albi) in 1209 • Albigensians crushed by 1229

5. St. Francis of Assisi (d.1226)

7. Franciscan Spirituality • "If you will be perfect, sell all you have and give to the poor. As you go, preach the message, `The kingdom of heaven is at hand...Freely you have received, freely give. Do not keep gold or silver or money in your belts, nor wallet for your journey, nor two tunics nor sandals, nor staffs...'“ • Poverty, evangelism, and the apostolic life

8. Church of St. Francis in Assisi

9. Giotto’s frescoes of life of St. Francis

16. Death of St. Francis

17. Wealth, Poverty, and the Profit Economy • Revival of cities, urban life, trade • Shift to urban commercial economy provokes spiritual crisis • Poverty and the renunciation of wealth becomes basis of new spirituality • Back-to-the-roots movements of apostolic Christianity • Anthony and Francis: two models of piety