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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure. Pg. 174. A. Comparing the Cell to a Factory. 1. Eukaryotic cells contain many structures that work together like the parts of a factory. 2. Organelles (Little Organs) act like specialized organs. A. Comparing the Cell to a Factory.

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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure

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  1. 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Pg. 174

  2. A. Comparing the Cell to a Factory • 1. Eukaryotic cells contain many structures that work together like the parts of a factory. • 2. Organelles (Little Organs) act like specialized organs.

  3. A. Comparing the Cell to a Factory • 3. Eukaryotic cells are divided into 2 parts • A. Nucleus- Contains genetic material; control center. • B. Cytoplasm- portion of cell outside of nucleus.

  4. B. Nucleus • 1. Control Center of the Cell • 2. Contains almost all DNA (instructions for making proteins and other molecules) • 3. Surrounded by a nuclear envelope made of 2 membranes.

  5. B. Nucleus • 4. Chromatin, DNA bound to protein is inside the nucleus . • 5. During cell division, chromatin condenses to form chromosomes. • 6. Most nuclei contain a nucleolus, location where ribosome assembly begins.

  6. True or False • Eukaryotes have a nucleus. • Prokaryotes have a nucleus. • DNA is always inside of a nucleus.

  7. C. Ribosomes • 1. Ribosomes are small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm. • 2. Proteins are assembled on ribosomes.

  8. D. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • 1. Location where lipid (fat) components of the cell membrane are made along with proteins and other materials sent outside of the cell.

  9. D. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • 2. Rough ER- Ribosomes on surface; Prepare proteins for export (exiting cell).

  10. D. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • 3. Smooth ER- NO Ribosomes on surface; Special Enzymes (Proteins) that form a specifc task. • Example: Liver cells lots of smooth ER to detox drugs.

  11. E. Golgi Apparatus • 1. Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage in cell or exit out of cell.

  12. Matching! • Rough ER • Smooth ER • Golgi Apparatus • Modifies, sorts and packages proteins • Prepare proteins for exit • Contain Special Enzymes that perform special tasks

  13. F. Lysosomes • 1. Small organelles filled with enzymes. • 2. Removal of “junk” from the cell • Break down lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and old organelles

  14. G. Vacuoles • 1. Pocket-like structure used for storage of water, salts, carbohydrates, and proteins.

  15. H. Mitochondria and Chloroplasts • 1. Mitochondria- organelle that converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds usable for the cell.

  16. H. Mitochondria and Chloroplasts • 2. Chloroplasts- organelles that capture energy from the sun and convert it into chemical energy through photosynthesis.

  17. 1

  18. I. Cytoskeleton • 1. Network of protein filaments that helps the cell keep shape and used for movement.

  19. I. Cytoskeleton • 2. Microfilaments- threadlike structure made from the protein Actin. Produce a tough flexible framework.

  20. I. Cytoskeleton • 3. Microtubules- hollow structure made of the protein Tubulin. Maintain cell shape and play a role in cell division.

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