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Net Neutrality

Net Neutrality. What is net neutrality?. Data is transmitted as “packets” Fundamentally, there is no difference between different packets Some ISPs disagree Examine packets based on service generating them Content providers can pay for increased priority. Who pays fees?

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Net Neutrality

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  1. Net Neutrality

  2. What is net neutrality? • Data is transmitted as “packets” • Fundamentally, there is no difference between different packets • Some ISPs disagree • Examine packets based on service generating them • Content providers can pay for increased priority. • Who pays fees? • Complete blocking?

  3. ISPs • Some protocols place higher load on networks than others, degrading quality of network access for other protocols • Bittorrent was notorious • Investment to improve infrastructure is very expensive

  4. Activists • “Allowing broadband carriers to control what people see and do online would fundamentally undermine the principles that have made the Internet such a success.” – Vint Cerf • Internet democratizes freedom of speech tool

  5. Last month’s ruling • Court of Appeals struck down FCC 2010 order • Allowed network management • Allowed peering • Netflix and Comcast • Remember that Comcast just bought TWC • Is there a free market? • Problems of domination • Content • New players

  6. ISPs

  7. Are they good guys or bad? • Net Neutrality • Dynamic IP addresses and privacy • BitTorrent Trolls

  8. Retaining Logs of IP Addresses • No mandatory retention law in the US • Most companies do keep logs • Verizon - 18 months • TWC - 6 months • Comcast - 6 months • Sonic.net - 2 weeks • Why so long? • Law enforcement • Spam management

  9. BitTorrent Trolls • File massive suit against John Doe defendants • Get names from ISPs • Letter to settle • Rate depends on title • Verizon and Comcast resisting • Six strikes agreement

  10. Censorship

  11. Censorship Defined (ACLU) Censorship, the suppression of words, images, or ideas that are ‘offensive,’ happens whenever some people succeed in imposing their personal, political or moral values on others.

  12. Pearl Jam 2007 • Lollapalooza • Profanity and nudity delay • And a bit of censorship • George Bush, leave this world alone • George Bush find yourself another home • AT&T apologized

  13. Homes and Businesses: How • Filters • Black lists (encryption) • Keywords (context) • Firewalls

  14. Laws Protecting Children COPPA (1996) • Related to data collection • Privacy policy • Parent/Guardian COPA (1998, overturned 2007) • Required websites to prevent minors from entering • Never took effect CIPA (2000, upheld 2003) • Requires schools and libraries using E-Rate discounts to filter

  15. Businesses Why? Impedes Research Social Media News • Productivity • Harassment

  16. From the Web Side • Do search engines censor? • When does selectivity become censorship? • Relationship between censorship and net neutrality?

  17. International: What? • Political • Social • Conflict • Tools

  18. International: Where? A Sampling Who monitors Reporters Without Borders Freedom House EFF OpenNet Initiative • Iran (strong technical blocking) • China (Great Fire Wall) • Cuba (cafes) • Bahrain (bloggers; self-censorship) • Vietnam (surveillance, not blocking)

  19. China: A Case Study Based on work by COMP 381 student last year, XingeJi

  20. What is censored? • Mostly political • 1989 Tian’anmenSquare • Ethic Independence Movements • Anti-communism group like Falun Gong • Political Scandals • Why? • Preserve political stability • Further Communist Party goals • Protect Chinese economic interests

  21. Censorship Methods: Great Fire Wall • Blocks western websites including Facebook, Twitter, Wikipedia etc. • Alternative websites established in mainland China • Can use VPN to “climb over the wall”

  22. Censorship Methods: Keyword Blocking • Prevent posting content that contain “sensitive words” • Word lists are constantly revised • Could learn what the government cares by testing what words are censored • Not really effective, can always use alternative words • “gov”, “govern-ment”, “go vernment”

  23. Censorship Methods: Censors • Manual deletion done by censors • Censors read post by hand and delete inappropriate ones. • about 250,000 censors • Attention differs from site to site • The most extensive form • Almost impossible to get around

  24. Student View • Sounds more terrible than it is • Most are aware of the censorship • Gradually accept • Can express individual criticism, but not strong collective voice

  25. Wikileaks: A Case Study in the US (or problems before Edward Snowden)

  26. WikiLeaks • Internationalnon-profitorganization • Publishes secret information, news leaks and classified media from anonymous sources • Complicated view because of the founder, Julian Assange • Persecution or really not a nice person?

  27. Censorship of WikiLeaks • prevent access to the site • prevent donations • individuals (harder to pinpoint)

  28. Preventing Access • Amazon.com stopped hosting • Senator Joe Lieberman • EveryDNS.net stopped providing DNS service • DDOS attacks • Thailand and China reportedly blocked access to cablegate.wikileaks.org

  29. Preventing Funding • PayPal • Visa • Mastercard • Bank of America • Western Union • Blocked payments (Senator Lieberman)

  30. People • Chelsea (Bradley) Manning • leaked classified information through WikiLeaks • detained without a trial for over 1000 days • sentenced to 35 years • Jacob Appelbaum • former spokesperson for WikiLeaks • TSA problems for him and contacts • Julian Assange • founder • sexual assault charge in Sweden • fearing extradition gained asylum in the Ecuadoran embassy.

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