PANG Z YUAN L KONG Y LUO L XU B z.pang@mail.iggcas.ac

1. Assessment of the Impact of Reclaimed Lands for Rice Fields and Water Conservation Zones on Water Budget and Quality for Sustainable Agriculture in Northeast China PANG Z YUAN L KONG Y LUO LXU B z.pang@mail.iggcas.ac.cn Institute of Geology & Geophysics (IGG), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)， Beijing IAEA CN191/56, 24 July 12, Vienna 1

2. Outline Introduction Methods and materials Hydrological regime Water quality Conclusions 2

3. Sanjiang wetland observatory 3

4. 500mm 1000mm 900mm 500mm Sanjiang Catchments Annual Precipitation: 500 mm 400mm 300mm 1200mm 4

5. Long-term mean monthly precipitation 5

6. Wetlands in Sanjiang Plain 2000 1950S 6

7. 7

8. Past Present 8

9. Significant drop in the water table has been observed: 4-8 meters in 5 years 9

10. Outline Introduction Methods and materials Hydrological regime Water quality Conclusions 10

11. Wetland Monitoring Water lever monitoring well Evapo-transpiration data collection 11

12. Sampling groundwater 12

13. Sampling campaign in August 2011, along a 250km cross section. Monitoring of precipition has been continued in the mean time.

14. Sampling groundwater W-E cross section in the southern part of the region, where groundwater and other water bodies have been sampled for stable isotopes and tritium measurements. a、Cross Section b、Schematic Hydrogeology

15. Sampling soil water Description of the contents Horizontal seepage Pipe Horizontal seepage pond Horizontal seepage channel Horizontal seepage from the paddy field 15

16. Sampling soil water 16

17. Lab measurements & QA DIONEX IC liquid-water stable isotope instrument 17 ICP-OES ICP-MS

18. Interlab comparison on Tritium measurements 累积测试偏差所有实验室排名 地质所 （引自IAEA “TRIC2008” 报告）

19. Tritium measurement 水同位素与水岩反应实验室

20. WICO2011 Interlab on stable isotopes 水同位素与水岩反应实验室

21. Rice field plot test A test plot in a paddy field 21

22. Lab tests of constructed wetlands 22

23. Outline Introduction Methods and materials Hydrological regime Water quality Conclusions 23

24. Groundwater monitoring in Honghe, Qianfeng and Qianshao farms Decline of groundwater level Well 1 Well 2 Well 3 24

25. Hydrological setting of Honghe wetland P ET Inflow Outflow 25

26. Before 1950s 26

27. Present 27

28. Hydrogeology profile of natural wetland 28

29. Mechanism of transport: Hydrogeology 29

30. Tritium in groundwater 30

31. Outline Introduction Methods and materials Hydrological regime Water quality Conclusions 31

32. Groundwater quality 32

33. Groundwater nitrate

34. River water quality Yalvhe Nongjiang Raolihe • Water quality of smaller rivers in the area has not been affected to a large extent by agricultural activities. 34

35. Soil water quality 35

36. Water in the rice fields 36

37. Ⅳ Ⅲ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅳ Ⅲ Ⅲ River water quality Songhuajiang Wusulijiang 37 Source: Environmental Ministry

38. Outline Introduction Methods and materials Hydrological regime Water quality Conclusions 38

39. Conclusions Conversion of natural wetlands into paddy rice fields has changed the hydrological regime of wetlands systems to different extents, depending on their hydrogeological settings. Deterioration of surface water quality has been observed, though insignificant. There is a clear correlation to agriclutural activites. Groundwater quality has not been affected on the whole, likely attributing to the slow infiltration into the aquifers. In places where groundwater doesn't receive adequate recharge, river water needs to be used to ensure sustainability. 39

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