Desktop Ultra-Short Pulse Laser at 1552 nm

1. Desktop Ultra-Short Pulse Laser at 1552 nm Ultrashort Pulse Laser Materials Interaction Workshop DIRECTED ENERGY PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY (DEPS) 9-28-06 L. Vaissié, T. Yilmaz, A. Stadler, D. Goldman, M. Farley, J. Lammers, T. Saunders, K. Kim, D. Lijana, L. Collura, M. Mielke, & T. Booth

2. UltraShort Pulse (USP) Lasers Long Pulse or CW Lasers USP Lasers Metal ablation with femtosecond (right) vs. nanosecond (left) ablation.

3. UltraShort Pulse (USP) Lasers • Immense power in each pulse • Non-thermal, precision ablation • Little or no trauma/damage to remaining material • Ablates any material • Diagnostics, sensing, other non-ablative properties • One source, many uses

4. Interesting capabilities, but impractical Compelling Capabilities, but… Experimentation and Exploration are Difficult Requires Ph.D.’s to operate and maintain Very Expensive Impractical/Impossible to Deploy

5. Until Raydiance… We took complicated apparatus and turned it into this: • Any room, 110 v outlet (800 W) • Pulse energy: 1 to 5 µJ • Wavelength: 1552.5 µm • Pulse rate: 25 kHz - 500 kHz • Pulse width: < 3 ps • M2 < 1.8 • Average Power: 2.5 W

6. ~500 fs 1ns ~ 850fs 5 J 1ns Modelocked Diode Laser Pulse Stretcher Pulse Compressor High Power Amplifier Classic CPA Approach • Mostly fiber-based components • High power, dispersion and nonlinearity managed miniature optical network

7. Fiber & Integrated Hardware • Use off-the-shelf fiber optics for seed & pre-amp stages • Team with strategic partners for subassemblies • Build what we can’t buy • There are constraints… • Peak power density very high in fiber • Operation near damage threshold • Optical nonlinearities • Novel fibers require special attention • Multimode effects • Parasitic energy losses due to high dopant levels

8. Raydiance User Interface (UI)

9. Desktop USP System Pulse Quality Intensity Autocorrelation Integrated Energy

10. Further Signal Quality Data Retrieved from FROG E-field FWHM: 843 fs AC FWHM: 1.3 ps

11. Pulse Train Extinction Data Sensitive Measurement through RF Spectra Raydiance High ER System Δ < 0.05 dB Harmonic Amplitude Extinction Ratio, Rext> 35 dB

12. Raydiance Development Platform • Disruptive USP capabilities • Compact, reliable and cost-effective • Intelligent laser makes USP easy to use; integrate • Liberates USP from specialized research labs • Application experts, not laser Ph.D.s • Practical to deploy

13. Applications Examples Early Adopters Validating Vision

14. U.S. Food and Drug Administration Device Evaluation and Basic Research Under CRADA • Up and running 30 minutes out of packing crate • 150 days of intense exploration/experimentation • MD’s, not physicists (Johns Hopkins; U of MD) • Next generation LASIK • Novel cancer treatment approaches • DDS office of the future • Gene transfection • More experiments planned: immune response, arthritis treatment, tattoo removal and many more

15. Ophthalmic Experimentation • Wilmer Eye Institute at Johns Hopkins • #1 ophthalmic program in country • Intrastromal refractive surgery (flapless Lasik) • Flap “lock down” designs and procedures • Corneal transplant/implant procedures

16. Oncology Experimentation • FDA Research Group • Effects of non-destructive irradiation • Three lines of malignant cancers • Various energy/rep rate levels • Two weeks of experimentation

17. Darrell B. Tata, Ph.D. A Few Days Of Experimentation Faster Time-to-Invention

18. Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Lab Captive government lab – DoD applications • Up and running just like FDA system • Distance interrogation and detection of materials • Differentiate explosive, chemical and biological materials • Define power (distance) specifications • Evaluate feasibility for deployment for HLS and DoD • Also may collaborate on medical applications

19. Army Institute of Surgical Research Pioneer new clinical treatments/surgical approaches • Smart-Knife prototype • For treatment of profound burn trauma • Smart laser differentiates healthy from unhealthy/dead tissue • Rapidly ablate unhealthy tissue; leave healthy tissue • Less trauma, bleeding, better graft success

20. J. Craig Venter Institute 1st to sequence the human genome • Gene transfection • Improve process in animal and plant transfection • Could have huge impact on bio-agra business • Could be critical to success of emerging synthetic biology sector • For-profit enterprise spun out last year

21. Black silicon Eric Mazur, Harvard Urethane acrylate Kenji Takada, Osaka Other Projects • Vaporizing tattoos • Acne and sun damage treatment • Pathology • Minimally-invasive (fiber optic) smart-surgery • Polymer and composite material processing • Sub-dermal ablation • Black silicon (solar energy) • And many others in discussion

22. USP Technology Directions

23. Raydiance Bragg Fiber for USP • Large diameter, hollow core to sustain high peak power without appreciable distortion • Delivery of ultrashort laser pulses • Temporal pulse compression for all-fiber CPA systems

24. Bragg Fiber for High Energy, USP Delivery

25. Early Results • USP light is versatile; potentially very disruptive • V1.0’s relatively low power level is enabling important uses right out of gate • Ease of use, computer-control supports rapid experimentation • Developers/inventors beginning to stake claims • Important discoveries • IP capture • Commercialization

26. Product Roadmap Will Broaden Markets • Increased Power • Near term – 10-25 μJ/pulse (on target) • Navy project – 2.5 mJ/pulse (on target) • More features • User adjustable pulse duration • Broader rep rate ranges • More software modules • Fiber beam delivery • Lower cost of goods initiatives to drive volume markets

27. Commercialization – A Platform Play Developer Platform Production Version Volume Production Invention & IP Development Concept Validation Rapid Prototyping Application powered by Raydiance At market-enabling cost of goods Owned by Application Developer