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Desktop Ultra-Short Pulse Laser at 1552 nm. Ultrashort Pulse Laser Materials Interaction Workshop DIRECTED ENERGY PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY (DEPS) 9-28-06 L. Vaissié, T. Yilmaz, A. Stadler, D. Goldman, M. Farley, J. Lammers, T. Saunders, K. Kim, D. Lijana, L. Collura, M. Mielke , & T. Booth.
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Desktop Ultra-Short Pulse Laser at 1552 nm Ultrashort Pulse Laser Materials Interaction Workshop DIRECTED ENERGY PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY (DEPS) 9-28-06 L. Vaissié, T. Yilmaz, A. Stadler, D. Goldman, M. Farley, J. Lammers, T. Saunders, K. Kim, D. Lijana, L. Collura, M. Mielke, & T. Booth
UltraShort Pulse (USP) Lasers Long Pulse or CW Lasers USP Lasers Metal ablation with femtosecond (right) vs. nanosecond (left) ablation.
UltraShort Pulse (USP) Lasers • Immense power in each pulse • Non-thermal, precision ablation • Little or no trauma/damage to remaining material • Ablates any material • Diagnostics, sensing, other non-ablative properties • One source, many uses
Interesting capabilities, but impractical Compelling Capabilities, but… Experimentation and Exploration are Difficult Requires Ph.D.’s to operate and maintain Very Expensive Impractical/Impossible to Deploy
Until Raydiance… We took complicated apparatus and turned it into this: • Any room, 110 v outlet (800 W) • Pulse energy: 1 to 5 µJ • Wavelength: 1552.5 µm • Pulse rate: 25 kHz - 500 kHz • Pulse width: < 3 ps • M2 < 1.8 • Average Power: 2.5 W
~500 fs 1ns ~ 850fs 5 J 1ns Modelocked Diode Laser Pulse Stretcher Pulse Compressor High Power Amplifier Classic CPA Approach • Mostly fiber-based components • High power, dispersion and nonlinearity managed miniature optical network
Fiber & Integrated Hardware • Use off-the-shelf fiber optics for seed & pre-amp stages • Team with strategic partners for subassemblies • Build what we can’t buy • There are constraints… • Peak power density very high in fiber • Operation near damage threshold • Optical nonlinearities • Novel fibers require special attention • Multimode effects • Parasitic energy losses due to high dopant levels
Desktop USP System Pulse Quality Intensity Autocorrelation Integrated Energy
Further Signal Quality Data Retrieved from FROG E-field FWHM: 843 fs AC FWHM: 1.3 ps
Pulse Train Extinction Data Sensitive Measurement through RF Spectra Raydiance High ER System Δ < 0.05 dB Harmonic Amplitude Extinction Ratio, Rext> 35 dB
Raydiance Development Platform • Disruptive USP capabilities • Compact, reliable and cost-effective • Intelligent laser makes USP easy to use; integrate • Liberates USP from specialized research labs • Application experts, not laser Ph.D.s • Practical to deploy
Applications Examples Early Adopters Validating Vision
U.S. Food and Drug Administration Device Evaluation and Basic Research Under CRADA • Up and running 30 minutes out of packing crate • 150 days of intense exploration/experimentation • MD’s, not physicists (Johns Hopkins; U of MD) • Next generation LASIK • Novel cancer treatment approaches • DDS office of the future • Gene transfection • More experiments planned: immune response, arthritis treatment, tattoo removal and many more
Ophthalmic Experimentation • Wilmer Eye Institute at Johns Hopkins • #1 ophthalmic program in country • Intrastromal refractive surgery (flapless Lasik) • Flap “lock down” designs and procedures • Corneal transplant/implant procedures
Oncology Experimentation • FDA Research Group • Effects of non-destructive irradiation • Three lines of malignant cancers • Various energy/rep rate levels • Two weeks of experimentation
Darrell B. Tata, Ph.D. A Few Days Of Experimentation Faster Time-to-Invention
Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Lab Captive government lab – DoD applications • Up and running just like FDA system • Distance interrogation and detection of materials • Differentiate explosive, chemical and biological materials • Define power (distance) specifications • Evaluate feasibility for deployment for HLS and DoD • Also may collaborate on medical applications
Army Institute of Surgical Research Pioneer new clinical treatments/surgical approaches • Smart-Knife prototype • For treatment of profound burn trauma • Smart laser differentiates healthy from unhealthy/dead tissue • Rapidly ablate unhealthy tissue; leave healthy tissue • Less trauma, bleeding, better graft success
J. Craig Venter Institute 1st to sequence the human genome • Gene transfection • Improve process in animal and plant transfection • Could have huge impact on bio-agra business • Could be critical to success of emerging synthetic biology sector • For-profit enterprise spun out last year
Black silicon Eric Mazur, Harvard Urethane acrylate Kenji Takada, Osaka Other Projects • Vaporizing tattoos • Acne and sun damage treatment • Pathology • Minimally-invasive (fiber optic) smart-surgery • Polymer and composite material processing • Sub-dermal ablation • Black silicon (solar energy) • And many others in discussion
Raydiance Bragg Fiber for USP • Large diameter, hollow core to sustain high peak power without appreciable distortion • Delivery of ultrashort laser pulses • Temporal pulse compression for all-fiber CPA systems
Early Results • USP light is versatile; potentially very disruptive • V1.0’s relatively low power level is enabling important uses right out of gate • Ease of use, computer-control supports rapid experimentation • Developers/inventors beginning to stake claims • Important discoveries • IP capture • Commercialization
Product Roadmap Will Broaden Markets • Increased Power • Near term – 10-25 μJ/pulse (on target) • Navy project – 2.5 mJ/pulse (on target) • More features • User adjustable pulse duration • Broader rep rate ranges • More software modules • Fiber beam delivery • Lower cost of goods initiatives to drive volume markets
Commercialization – A Platform Play Developer Platform Production Version Volume Production Invention & IP Development Concept Validation Rapid Prototyping Application powered by Raydiance At market-enabling cost of goods Owned by Application Developer