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INTRODUCTION TO BRAIN

INTRODUCTION TO BRAIN. Prof. Ashraf Husain. MENINGES. DURA MATER – Outer covering ARACHNOID MATER – Middle covering PIA MATER – Inner most covering. OUTSIDE. SKULL EPIDURAL SPACE DURA MATER SUBDURAL SPACE ARACHNOID MATER CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF) PIA MATER BRAIN MATER. INSIDE.

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INTRODUCTION TO BRAIN

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  1. INTRODUCTION TO BRAIN Prof. Ashraf Husain

  2. MENINGES • DURA MATER – Outer covering • ARACHNOID MATER – Middle covering • PIA MATER – Inner most covering

  3. OUTSIDE • SKULL • EPIDURAL SPACE • DURA MATER • SUBDURAL SPACE • ARACHNOID MATER • CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF) • PIA MATER • BRAIN MATER INSIDE

  4. BRAIN STEM • MID BRAIN • PONS • MEDULLA OBLONGATA

  5. DEVELOPMENTAL DEVISION OF BRAIN • TELENCEPHELON – CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, AND BASAL GANGLIA • DIENCEPHELON – THALAMUS, HYPOTHALAMUS, EPITHALAMUS, SUBTHALAMUS • MESENCEPHALON – MID BRAIN

  6. GLOSSARY • Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) : A selectively permeable barrier between the circulating blood & the brain believe to be formed by astrocytes. • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) : The clear watery fluid formed inside the ventricle & circulate in subarachanoid space of the brain & spinal cord.

  7. Hydrocephalus : abnormal amount of CSF within the ventricles of the brain. • Neurotransmitter : A chemical substance released from nerve endings to transmit impulses across synapses.

  8. Internal Capsule • White matter pathway, flanked by nuclear masses, consisting of both afferent and efferent fibers projecting between the cerebral cortex and the brainstem. It consists of three distinct parts: an anterior limb, posterior limb, and genu.

  9. Basal Ganglia • Large subcortical nuclear masses (gray mater) derived from the telencephalon and located in the basal regions of the cerebral hemispheres. Which regulates the movements.

  10. Reticular Formation • A region extending from the PONS & MEDULLA OBLONGATA through the MESENCEPHALON, characterized by a diversity of neurons of various sizes and shapes, arranged in different aggregations and enmeshed in a complicated fiber network.

  11. Thalamus • Paired bodies containing mostly gray substance and forming part of the lateral wall of the third ventricle of the brain. The thalamus represents the major portion of the diencephalon and is commonly divided into cellular aggregates known as nuclear groups.

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