A Bloody Conflict

1. A Bloody Conflict Section: 3

2. Combat in World War I • By 1917 World War I had claimed millions of European lives. Americans believed that their troops could bring the war to a quick end. • No Man’s Land- • The land located between the opposing trenches. • Going over the top- • When soldiers would climb out of their trenches and charge the opposing trench. • Causing hundreds of thousands of men to die. • New Technology of World War I: • Poison gas, tanks, airplanes, machine guns, and barbed wire.

3. Trench Warfare

4. Over the Top

6. The Americans and Victory • Doughboys- • Nickname for American soldiers. • Although American troops were inexperienced, they boosted the moral of Allied forces. • To protect American merchant ships, Admiral William S. Sims proposed convoys. • Convoys- merchant ships and troop transports were gathered into groups and brought across the Atlantic by warships. • Reduced the number of ships sunk and ensured American troops would get to Europe safely.

7. Russian Revolution • Although the Russian people supported the war effort, their government was not equipped to handle the major problems of the nation. • In 1917 Vladimir Lenin the leader of the Bolshevik Party started a revolution to overthrow Czar Nicholas. • Lenin and his communist forces win and have the Czar and his family murdered. • Treaty of Brest- Litovsk- • Lenin signs treaty with Germany to removing Russia from the war in exchange the Germans would gain territory. • With Russia out of the war, Germany can now focus all its troops of the western front.

8. Western Front • March 1918, Germany launched a massive attack along the Western Front. • They push deeply into Allied lines. • The Americans captured the village of Cantigny and with French assistance block the German attack on Paris. • September 1918, General Pershing put together a massive attack that pushed the Germans back out of France. • Largest attack in American history at the time. • November 11, 1918, Germany finally signed an armistice that ended the war.

10. War Casualties The Allies Military dead:5,525,000Military wounded:12,831,500Military missing:4,121,000Total:22,477,500 KIA, WIA or MIA . The Central Powers Military dead:4,386,000Military wounded:8,388,000Military missing:3,629,000Total:16,403,000 KIA, WIA or MIA .

12. A Flawed Peace • In January 1919 the victorious Allied nations met in Versailles, France. • President Wilson’s plan called the Fourteen Points. • The Fourteen Points is designed to eliminate the causes of war through: • Free trade • Disarmament • Open diplomacy instead of secret agreements • Right of self- determination • Also set up the League of Nations called member nations to help preserve peace and prevent future wars.

13. Treaty of Versailles • The other Allies felt that Wilson’s plan was too lenient on Germany. • The Treaty of Versailles • Treaty strips Germany of its armed forces • Made Germany pay reparations-war damages to the Allies. • The Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations were not passed in America. The U.S. Senate refused to sign the treaty. • Instead, the United States negotiated separate peace treaties with each of the Central Powers.

14. New Countries after the War