Environmental Science

1. Environmental Science Chapter 7 – Biodiversity and Conservation

2. The Central Case • Saving the Siberian Tiger • Big Question: Why is it important to protect biodiversity?

3. Section 1: What is biodiversity? • Objectives: • 1. Differentiate the components of biodiversity • 2. Explain 2 ways in which biodiversity varies across groups or geography • 3. Describe the economic benefits of biodiversity

4. Section 1: What is biodiversity? • Classifying species • _____________________ are scientists that classify species according _______________ and _______________ _________________. • 7 classifications from broadest to most specific: ________________, ______________, _____________, _________________, _____________, ______________, and ___________________.

5. Section 1: What is biodiversity? _________________ __________________ is used to identify inter-related species. - For example humans binomial nomenclature is: _______________ __________. Kingdom: Phylum: Class: Order:

6. Section 1: What is biodiversity? • Family: • Genus: • Species:

7. Section 1: What is biodiversity? • ____________________ is a population of organisms that has genetically based characteristics, such as size or color, that differ from members of the same species in a different area. • can interbreed if they live in the same habitat.

8. Section 1: What is biodiversity? • ________________________ describes the variety of life across all levels of ecological organization • 3 parts to biodiversity: __________________________, ___________________________, and ___________________________.

9. Section 1: What is biodiversity? • Species diversity • __________________ ___________________ is the number or variety of species in a particular region. • Speciation generates new species in an area, adding to species diversity,while extinction decreases species diverstiy.

10. Section 1: What is biodiversity? • Genetic diversity • _________________ ________________ describes the differences in DNA among individuals within species and populations. • Allows __________________ to local conditions. • Ex:

11. Section 1: What is biodiversity? • Ecosystem diversity • _____________________ ________________ describes the number and variety of ecosystems within a given area.

12. Section 1: What is biodiversity? • How do scientists come up with precise ways to express a region’s biodiversity??? • How do we measure biodiversity?? • Scientists estimate there exists between 3 million to 100 million different species on Earth. • Best guess estimates range between 5 and 30 million.

13. Section 1: What is biodiversity? • Why is there such a big range? • 1. • 2. • 3. • 4. • 5.

14. Section 1: What is biodiversity? • Benefits of biodiversity • Biodiversity and ecosystem services • Ex: • Biodiversity and Ecosystem functions • Resistant ecosystem: • Resilient ecosystem:

15. Section 1: What is biodiversity? • Biodiversity and Agriculture • Ex: • Biodiversity and Medicine • Ex:

16. Section 1: What is biodiversity? • Biodiversity, Tourism, and Recreation • Ex:

17. Section 2: Extinction and Biodiversity Loss • Objectives: • 1. Describe how biodiversity is monitored and explain current biodiversity trends • 2. List the major causes of biodiversity loss

18. Section 2: Extinction and Biodiversity Loss • Biodiversity loss • What do you think is the greatest factor influencing biodiversity loss throughout history??? • Now, share with a neighbor………

19. Section 2: Extinction and Biodiversity Loss • _____________________ describes the disappearance of a particular population from a given area, but not of the entire species from Earth. • _______________________ - the pace at which species naturally go extinct.

20. Section 2: Extinction and Biodiversity Loss • _________________________ results when extinction occurs at a rate faster than the background rate of extinction. • These have occurred at least _________ times in Earth’s history. • The sixth mass extinction??????

21. Section 2: Extinction and Biodiversity Loss • How do scientists categorize the risk of biodiversity loss? • An ___________________ is one that is at serious risk of extinction. • A ____________________ is one that is likely to become endangered soon.

22. Section 2: Extinction and Biodiversity Loss • ICUN: • ICUN Red List of Threatened Species • WWF: • UNEP: • Living Planet Index:

23. Section 2: Extinction and Biodiversity Loss • Causes of biodiversity loss • 1. • 2. • 3. • 4. • 5.

24. Section 2: Extinction and Biodiversity Loss • Habitat change and loss • ________________________ describes the division of a habitat into smaller patches. • This is the greatest cause of biodiversity loss today • _______% of threatened mammals and • _______% of threatened birds

25. Section 2: Extinction and Biodiversity Loss • Invasive Species • These can drive a native species to extinction. • Pollution • ______________, _______________, ______________ and ___________________that pollute air and water can poison people and wildlife

26. Section 2: Extinction and Biodiversity Loss • Overharvesting • Occurs when humans ___________, _________, or ___________ a species faster than it can replenish its population. • Examples: • ____________: the illegal capture or killing of an organism

27. Section 2: Extinction and Biodiversity Loss • Climate Change • This has more of a global effect rather than a local effect • Ex:

28. Section 3: Protecting Biodiversity • Objectives • 1. Explain legal actions nations can take to protect biodiversity • 2. Explain the goal of Species Survival Plans. • 3. Describe three strategies for managing whole ecosystems and habitats.

29. Section 3: Protecting Biodiversity • Whose responsibility is it to protect biodiversity? • Should something be done LEGALLY to protect biodiversity? • If so, who then, enforces these laws?

30. Section 3: Protecting Biodiversity • The Endangered Species Act (ESA) • Passed in ____________ by the _______. • 3 major parts: • 1. • 2. • 3.

31. Section 3: Protecting Biodiversity • Benefits and Costs of the ESA • Benefits: • 1. • 2. • Costs • 1. • 2.

32. Section 3: Protecting Biodiversity • International Cooperation • Supported by the _______________________. • CITES: • The Biodiversity Treaty:

33. Section 3: Protecting Biodiversity • Approaches of the ESA • 1. Single-Species Approaches • ____________________________ - the process of breeding and raising organisms in controlled conditions • Zoos and aquariums • __________________________________ • ________________

34. Section 3: Protecting Biodiversity • Ecosystem and Habitat Approaches • The ESA does NOT specifically protect whole habitats and ecosystems • BUT, conservationists are now moving beyond single species approaches.

35. Section 3: Protecting Biodiversity • ___________________________ - an area that both supports an especially high number of endangered species AND is rapidly losing biodiversity • A species is __________________ to an area if it is found NOWHERE else in the world • Conservation International

36. Section 3: Protecting Biodiversity • Economic Approaches • Debt-for-nature swap: • Conservation concession: • Wildlife Corridors