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Neuronal Pathways

Neuronal Pathways. Reflexes are rapid, predictable, and involuntary responses to stimuli Involve both CNS and PNS structures Types: Autonomic Reflexes Controls activation of smooth muscles Example: salivation and pupil reflex Somatic Reflexes Controls skeletal muscles

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Neuronal Pathways

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  1. Neuronal Pathways • Reflexes are rapid, predictable, and involuntary responses to stimuli • Involve both CNS and PNS structures Types: Autonomic Reflexes • Controls activation of smooth muscles • Example: salivation and pupil reflex Somatic Reflexes • Controls skeletal muscles • Example: knee jerk reaction & withdrawl reflex

  2. Neuronal Pathways • Reflex Arc is a one-way neural pathway by which a reflex occurs • Reflexes occur in the spinal cord or brainstem (not higher brain centers) • All reflex arcs have a minimum of five elements: • Sensory Receptor (reacts to stimulus) • Afferent Neuron • CNS integration center (gray matter of cord) and possibly interneuron (synapse between the sensory and motor neurons) • Efferent Neuron • Effector Organ (muscle or gland stimulated)

  3. Neuronal Pathways Converging and Diverging Pathways • Converging pathways have 2 or more neurons that synapse with the same neuron; allows information in more than one neuronal pathway to converge into one pathway (has a concentrating effect) • Diverging pathways has the axon from one neuron divide and synapse with more than one other neuron; allows information in one neuronal pathway to diverge into two or more pathways (ie. Message brain’s neuronactivate 100’s of spinal cord motor neuronsactivate 1000’s of muscle cells

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