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World War I: A Different Kind of War

World War I: A Different Kind of War. New Military Technology. CLASHES WITH OLD-SCHOOL WARFARE. Trench Warfare. Led to “war of attrition” wearing down; weakening of resistance basically – who could outlast whom?. Rapid Fire Machine Guns. Flamethrower. Poison Gas.

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World War I: A Different Kind of War

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  1. World War I:A Different Kind of War

  2. New Military Technology CLASHES WITH OLD-SCHOOL WARFARE

  3. Trench Warfare • Led to “war of attrition” • wearing down; weakening of resistance • basically – who could outlast whom?

  4. Rapid Fire Machine Guns

  5. Flamethrower

  6. Poison Gas

  7. Submarine Warfare~ led to convoys ~ German U-boat

  8. Mines & Underwater Explosives

  9. Air Fighting & Spying Planes Zeppelins

  10. Tanks~ introduced in 1916

  11. By 1918 could cross trenches… …”broke the western front”

  12. Old Methods of War + New Technology = HIGH CASUALTIES! MASS DESTRUCTION!

  13. New Kind of War

  14. First “Total War” • War used to be limited and organized • In WWI, all citizens and resources were affected • Showed financial interconnectedness of the world

  15. Nations involved from around the world Allies Central powers Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Germany Ottoman Empire • India • Italy • Japan • Montenegro • New Zealand • Portugal • Romania • Russia • Serbia • South Africa • United States • Australia • Belgium • British Colonies • Canada & New-foundland • France • French North Africa • French Colonies • Great Britain • Greece

  16. Took Heroism Out of War • The ends were not equal to the means • Obliterated the idea that warfare is gallant and heroic • anonymous warfare • War became an entity unto itself • “Neither (side) had won, nor could win, the war. The war had won, and would go on winning.” ~ Fussel, pg 13

  17. Loss of Respect for the Enemy • Not gentlemanly • Germany was not allowed to attend the peace negotiations at the end of the war • War becomes the enemy

  18. Forced Military Service • men were forced to serve in the military • break from tradition • break from the gallantry and heroism of choosing to go to war

  19. Use ofPropaganda

  20. Songs • Posters • Pamphlets • Advertisements at movie theaters • Radio broadcasts • News releases • Speeches

  21. Made the war look fun • Break from non-propaganda tradition • Raised level of hatred between nations

  22. War Impacts Civilians

  23. Civilians Put in Harm’s Way • For the first time, civilians are killed as a regular part of warfare • Ex: sinking of the Lusitania

  24. Gender Role Reversal • Women work in factories • Women given the right to vote • Men come home from war with no jobs • Men come home from war with hysteria (shell shock)

  25. War Impacts the Marketplace • Fixed prices • Fixed wages • Food rations • “meatless Tuesdays” • “wheatless Mondays and Wednesdays”

  26. The Legacy of World War I:A Different Kind of War = A Different Postwar World

  27. TrustVs. Skepticism

  28. PrideVs. Humbleness

  29. High ExpectationsVs. Spiritual Depression

  30. IdealismVs. Realism

  31. InnocenceVs. Awareness

  32. “One vast optimistic hope, leading to one vast ironic catastrophe.”

  33. Separate Treaty with Germany • U.S. Senate rejected League of Nations and Treaty of Versailles • Signed a separate treaty with Germany in 1921

  34. Reversed Progress • People yearned for “Good Ole Days” • Return to isolationism • “Stood too close to the fire and got burned.”

  35. Heroism of the Common Man • Birth of a new kind of heroism • Ordinary people with ordinary struggles • Heroes for just surviving • Grim determination

  36. The Great Migration • Southern blacks moved to northern cities by the hundreds of thousands • Push factors: discrimination, natural disasters • Pull factors: factory work • Faced new discrimination in the north

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