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EnLIGHTenment: Transforming Europe from the Dark Ages to Rational Thought

Explore the shift from blind faith to reason in Europe's history through the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment period. Learn about key figures like Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, and Wollstonecraft who shaped modern political and social ideologies.

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EnLIGHTenment: Transforming Europe from the Dark Ages to Rational Thought

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  1. The EnLIGHTenment Chapter 6.1 & 6.2

  2. In the Dark • Before the Enlightenment, Europe was “in the dark” • Few questioned the teachings of the church • “Common sense” ruled

  3. The Scientific Revolution • ~1550s: scholars begin to question accepted beliefs • Muslim texts translated • Math rules! • Printing press invented – spreads ideas

  4. Scientific Method • Rather than using “Common sense,” scholars use a logical way to GATHER and TEST data

  5. Sci. Revolution Thinkers • Copernicus/Galileo: the earth is not the center of the universe • Newton: gravity – “everything in the universe is affected by the same force”

  6. The Enlightenment • “The Age of Reason” • Apply reason to ALL aspects of society

  7. Views on Government Hobbes Locke People are naturally reasonable; can learn to govern selves People are naturally selfish & wicked; need a strong ruler

  8. Hobbes Locke All people are free and have 3 natural rights…. Social contract: give up some rights to gain safety & security

  9. LIFE, LIBERTY, and the pursui… PROPERTY! Locke’s Three Natural Rights: Life Liberty Property …if the government can’t protect these rights, overthrow the government Locke

  10. Montesquieu • The power of one branch of government should be to “check” the other branches of government • Checks and balances

  11. Rousseau • Monarchs and “regular” folks should all follow the same rules • Civilization corrupts people’s natural goodness • Inspired French Revolution

  12. Beccaria • Justice is supposed to keep order • No torture of witnesses & suspects, cruel/unusual/excessive punishment, capital punishment • Trials should be speedy & procedural

  13. Women’s Roles • Mary Wollstonecraft = women should be educated, participate in politics • “If all men are born free, how is it that all women are born slaves?” –Mary Astell

  14. Most Likely to…

  15. Comic Strip – Living through it

  16. Hobbes Locke Voltaire Montesquieu Rousseau Beccaria Wollstonecraft Honorable mention: Copernicus, Galileo, Newton, The Church/Pope

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