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Blueprint Reading for the Machine Trades, Sixth Edition Unit 1:Dictionary of Terms

Blueprint Reading for the Machine Trades, Sixth Edition Unit 1:Dictionary of Terms. Russ Schultz and Larry Smith PowerPoint presentation created by LaVonne Vichlach. Dictionary of Terms. Abrasive A material used to cut other materials softer than itself. Dictionary of Terms. Allowance

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Blueprint Reading for the Machine Trades, Sixth Edition Unit 1:Dictionary of Terms

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    1. 1 Blueprint Reading for the Machine Trades, Sixth Edition Unit 1:Dictionary of Terms Russ Schultz and Larry Smith PowerPoint presentation created by LaVonne Vichlach

    2. 2 Dictionary of Terms Abrasive A material used to cut other materials softer than itself.

    3. 3 Dictionary of Terms Allowance Minimum clearance Or maximum interference Occurs between two mating parts-e.g.. a shaft and a hole

    4. 4 Dictionary of Terms Alloy Mixture of two or more elements One is metallic Melt together to form new material

    5. 5 Dictionary of Terms Angular Dimension Dimension measured using Degrees Minutes Seconds

    6. 6 Dictionary of Terms Anneal Heat treat process Cool heated material slowly Removes stresses Reduces hardness

    7. 7 Dictionary of Terms Arbor Shaft that cutting tool is mounted on Spindle that holds a workpiece

    8. 8 Dictionary of Terms Assembly Drawing Drawing that shows relationship of components that fit together

    9. 9 Dictionary of Terms Auxiliary View Orthographic view projected angularly Shows features appearing on inclined surfaces Shows features appearing on oblique surfaces

    10. 10 Dictionary of Terms Axis Central line about which parts are arranged Elements may or may not revolve around it

    11. 11 Dictionary of Terms Baseline dimensioning System of dimensioning used to locate features of a part-e.g. holes Uses a common set of datums

    12. 12 Dictionary of Terms Basic dimension Exact value of a feature-no tolerance is used Describes the following: Size Location

    13. 13 Dictionary of Terms Basic size Exact theoretical size Limits of size are derived from them by Application of allowances Application of tolerances

    14. 14 Dictionary of Terms Bevel Flat, slanted surface between two other surfaces Surfaces are at right angles to one another

    15. 15 Dictionary of Terms Bilateral “Bi” means two Indicates that two sides are used E.g.---bilateral tolerances

    16. 16 Dictionary of Terms Blind hole Hole that does not go through all of the material Common in thick parts

    17. 17 Dictionary of Terms Bolt circle Circular centerline Two or more hole centers are located on it

    18. 18 Dictionary of Terms Bore Process to enlarge a hole to an accurate size Held to close tolerances Usually specified with limit dimensions

    19. 19 Dictionary of Terms Boss Raised cylindrical projection-always circular Provides extra metal around a hole in casting or forging Similar to a pad-pad may be any other shape-function is same-provide more material

    20. 20 Dictionary of Terms Broach Process to produce desired shape in cylindrical hole Keyway Hex shape

    21. 21 Dictionary of Terms Broach Broaching tool Series of teeth Gradually increasing in size Cutting is done as tool is pushed or pulled through hole

    22. 22 Dictionary of Terms Burnish Finish or polish metal Roll or slide a tool over the surface under pressure

    23. 23 Dictionary of Terms Burr Jagged edge of metal produced by working the metal Common note of blueprints is to “remove all burrs”

    24. 24 Dictionary of Terms Bushing Replaceable insert Provide metal with better wearing quality

    25. 25 Dictionary of Terms CAD drawing Drawing created by computer-aided drafting methods Electronically stored, revised and retrieved

    26. 26 Dictionary of Terms Cam Mechanical device used to change rotary motion to some other motion Reciprocating or sliding

    27. 27 Dictionary of Terms Carburize (CARB.) Heat low-carbon steel to temperature below its melting point Heated in carbonaceous solids, liquids, or gases to raise level of carbon on outside surfaces Cooled slowly

    28. 28 Dictionary of Terms Case hardening Hardening of ferrous alloy Surface layer is harder than the interior core

    29. 29 Dictionary of Terms Casting Metal object-e.g.-cast iron, cast aluminum Pour molten metal into a mold

    30. 30 Dictionary of Terms Chain dimensioning Successive dimensions extend from one feature to another Each dimension does not have to originate from a datum Tolerances accumulate with a chain dimension

    31. 31 Dictionary of Terms Chamfer Corner removed from end of cylindrical surface At an angle to face Used to facilitate assembly

    32. 32 Dictionary of Terms Clearance hole Hole slightly larger than bolt or fastener Bolt or fastener passes through it freely Permits easy assembly

    33. 33 Dictionary of Terms Coaxiality Exists when two or more cylindrical features have a common axis Two diameters on a shaft Bore in a round part

    34. 34 Dictionary of Terms Collar Projecting ring around a shaft Can be used to locate components on an arbor

    35. 35 Dictionary of Terms Concentricity Condition where median points of a feature’s diametrically opposed elements are located within a cylindrical zone Cylindrical zone is equally centered about a datum axis

    36. 36 Dictionary of Terms Core Part of a mold Shapes the interior of a casting Sand is major component

    37. 37 Dictionary of Terms Counterbore Process to enlarge a hole cylindrically at the end Drawing specification includes: Diameter Depth of enlarged section

    38. 38 Dictionary of Terms Countersink Process to enlarge a hole conically at end Accept a flathead fastener Drawing specifications will include its diameter and included angle

    39. 39 Dictionary of Terms Datum Location of other features is established using them A datum can be: A point A line A surface A plane

    40. 40 Dictionary of Terms Degree Unit of angular measurement 360 degrees in a full circle

    41. 41 Dictionary of Terms Detail drawing Drawing of a single object completely dimensioned All information necessary to produce part is on print

    42. 42 Dictionary of Terms Die (multiple definitions) Tool used to cut external threads Tool used to: Shape metal Mold metal Stamp metal Cut metal

    43. 43 Dictionary of Terms Die castings Metal object produced by injecting material into metal dies Material injected into mold under pressure

    44. 44 Dictionary of Terms Draft Angle provide on pattern or mold Enables easy removal of finished cast or molded part from tooling

    45. 45 Dictionary of Terms Eccentric Term means off center Eccentric diameters do not share a common axis

    46. 46 Dictionary of Terms Extrusion Part produced can be a metal object Process forces hot metal through dies of desired shape

    47. 47 Dictionary of Terms Face Lathe term-machine flat surface perpendicular to the axis of part E.g.-the end of a shaft

    48. 48 Dictionary of Terms Fastener Connector used to secure two or more parts together Fastener examples: Bolts Nuts Screws Rivets

    49. 49 Dictionary of Terms Ferrous Metals containing iron as their base E.g.—steel, cast iron

    50. 50 Dictionary of Terms Fillet Concave surface (interior radius) At intersection of two surfaces of an object

    51. 51 Dictionary of Terms Fin Thin projecting edge on cast or molded part Common in castings and produced where mold halves come together

    52. 52 Dictionary of Terms Finish marks Symbols appearing on edge view of surfaces to be machined Usually found on drawings of castings and forgings

    53. 53 Dictionary of Terms Fixture Device designed to position and hold a part in a machine tool Does not guide cutting tool References part to tool

    54. 54 Dictionary of Terms Flame hardening Process of hardening steel Can use Oxyacetylene torch and quench material in quenching medium

    55. 55 Dictionary of Terms Flange Projecting rim or collar on an object May include mounting holes to secure it in place

    56. 56 Dictionary of Terms Forge Force hot metal into a desired shape Process includes hammering or squeezing

    57. 57 Dictionary of Terms Gauge The thickness of sheet metal or the diameter of wire Designated by number rather than a dimension

    58. 58 Dictionary of Terms Geometric tolerancing Tolerances on drawings Emphasis on: Actual function or relationship of part features Interchangeability is critical

    59. 59 Dictionary of Terms Gusset Angular piece of metal Fastened in angle of metal frame to strengthen or add stiffness

    60. 60 Dictionary of Terms Hardness test Measures degree of hardness of metals Uses numerical values for hardness

    61. 61 Dictionary of Terms Heat treatment Application of heat to metals Produces a variety of desired properties depending on type of heat treat

    62. 62 Dictionary of Terms Horizontal Parallel to the horizon Machine tool can be describe by this term-e.g.-horizontal mill

    63. 63 Dictionary of Terms Hub Central part of a wheel Part into which spokes are inserted

    64. 64 Dictionary of Terms Inclined surface Flat surface slanting in one direction Appears as an edge in one principal view Appears distorted in others

    65. 65 Dictionary of Terms Included angle Angle formed between one side and another Always less than 180 °

    66. 66 Dictionary of Terms Isometric drawing Three-dimensional pictorial drawing Horizontal surfaces drawn on 30° axes from horizontal

    67. 67 Dictionary of Terms Jig Device used to hold a part to be machined Positions and guides cutting tool

    68. 68 Dictionary of Terms Key Metal bar or wedge Secures gears or pulleys to shaft Prevents rotary motion between two pieces

    69. 69 Dictionary of Terms Keyseat An axially located groove in a shaft Positions the key

    70. 70 Dictionary of Terms Keyway An axially located groove in a hub Positions the key

    71. 71 Dictionary of Terms Lap Produce finished surface Uses soft metal impregnated with a fine abrasive powder

    72. 72 Dictionary of Terms Least material condition Minimum amount of material is present Maximum hole size Smallest shaft size LMC

    73. 73 Dictionary of Terms Limits Maximum and minimum permissible dimensions Arrive at by applying tolerances to basic dimensions

    74. 74 Dictionary of Terms Linear dimension A dimension measured in a straight line Most common of dimensions on part prints

    75. 75 Dictionary of Terms Maximum material condition Maximum amount of material is present Smallest hole diameter Largest shaft size MMC

    76. 76 Dictionary of Terms Neck External groove in a cylindrical piece Change in diameter Usually generated where another part fits against a shoulder

    77. 77 Dictionary of Terms Nominal size Term used for purposes of general identification E.g.—3/4-in. plate or 1-in. pipe

    78. 78 Dictionary of Terms Nonferrous Metals that do no contain iron E.g.- Brass Bronze aluminum

    79. 79 Dictionary of Terms Normalizing Process of heating steel Cool in still air to room temperature Restore uniform grain structure and relieves internal stresses

    80. 80 Dictionary of Terms Oblique surface Flat surface slanting in two directions Will appear distorted in all principal views

    81. 81 Dictionary of Terms Orthographic projection Process of projecting essential views of three-dimensional object onto flat plane Used to generate machinist’s blueprints

    82. 82 Dictionary of Terms Pad Raised projection on a casting Provides extra metal around series of holes or a slotted hole

    83. 83 Dictionary of Terms Parallel Extending in the same direction-e.g.-two lines Equidistant at any point Lines do not meet

    84. 84 Dictionary of Terms Pattern Model made of wood, metal, or other material Used to form a cavity in sand for pouring castings

    85. 85 Dictionary of Terms Perpendicular Being at a right angle to a given line or plane Or 90° to a given line or plane

    86. 86 Dictionary of Terms Pickle Process to remove stains or oxide from parts Parts immersed in an acid solution

    87. 87 Dictionary of Terms Pinion In a gear assembly The smaller of the two mating gears

    88. 88 Dictionary of Terms Pitch Distance from a point on a thread to a corresponding point on next adjacent thread Measured parallel to the axis to the thread

    89. 89 Dictionary of Terms Profile view View that most clearly illustrates shape of a feature is considered profile view With hole-it is view which shows it is round

    90. 90 Dictionary of Terms Quenching Cool metal rapidly Immerse in water or oil

    91. 91 Dictionary of Terms Radius Distance from center of circle or an arc to its circumference Equal to hone half of a diameter Plural of radius is radii

    92. 92 Dictionary of Terms Ream Machine operation to enlarge a hole slightly Use rotating fluted tool Provides greater accuracy and better finish

    93. 93 Dictionary of Terms Reciprocation A straight-line, back and forth motion Move in alternate directions

    94. 94 Dictionary of Terms Reference dimension Used only for information purposes Does not receive standard print tolerances Should not be used for production or inspection

    95. 95 Dictionary of Terms Regardless of feature size Condition where tolerance of position must be met irrespective of where the feature lies within size tolerance RFS-is understood and never seen on a part print

    96. 96 Dictionary of Terms Relief Amount one plane surface sits below another plane Usually provides clearance

    97. 97 Dictionary of Terms Rib A relatively thin flat member Acts as a brace or support

    98. 98 Dictionary of Terms Round A convex surface (exterior radius) At the intersection of two surfaces of a casting or forging

    99. 99 Dictionary of Terms Scale Refers to relative size of drawing and size of part First number represents size of drawing Second number represents size of part Dimensions always represent size of part-not the print

    100. 100 Dictionary of Terms Section Interior view of an object Drawn to expose features not otherwise visible

    101. 101 Dictionary of Terms Serrated Surface or edge having notches or sharp teeth Aids in cutting

    102. 102 Dictionary of Terms Shim Thin piece of metal or other material Placed between two marts to adjust the fit, level a part, etc. Plastic shims are also used

    103. 103 Dictionary of Terms Shoulder Plane surface on a shaft Normal to the axis Formed by a different diameter

    104. 104 Dictionary of Terms Spline A raised area on a shaft (external) or hub (internal) parallel to the axis Designed to fit into a recessed area of a mating part

    105. 105 Dictionary of Terms Spotface A process used to machine a round diameter on a rough surface Found in castings around a hole Provides good seating surface to nut or for head of bolt

    106. 106 Dictionary of Terms Springs Helical Flat

    107. 107 Dictionary of Terms Helical springs Compression-supply force when compressed-either in hole or around rod Extension-Supplies force when extended-pulled from end to end-has hooks on each end Torsion-Designed to resist twisting or rotary motion-hooks or projections for connections

    108. 108 Dictionary of Terms Stud Round piece of metal Threaded on both ends

    109. 109 Dictionary of Terms Surface roughness Refers to finely spaced irregularities produced in fabricating a part Height of irregularities is rated in microinches or micrometers

    110. 110 Dictionary of Terms Symmetrical Same on each side Equal halves Centerline usually indicates symmetry

    111. 111 Dictionary of Terms Tabular dimensioning Type of dimensioning where letters are substituted for dimensions Dimensions are listed in a table on a drawing Permits more than one part to appear on the same drawing

    112. 112 Dictionary of Terms Tangent Line drawn to the surface of an arc or circle Contacts the arc or circle at only one point

    113. 113 Dictionary of Terms Tap A tool for cutting threads in a hole Hole is usually drilled to a particular size for threading operation

    114. 114 Dictionary of Terms Taper Conical shape that permits shaft or hole to become gradually smaller at one end. Common application is tapered shank tools for machining centers

    115. 115 Dictionary of Terms Temper Change the physical characteristics of hardened steel Reheat to intermediate temperature range to toughen steel Also has softening effect

    116. 116 Dictionary of Terms Template Thin sheet used as a guide Contains the form and shape of piece to be made

    117. 117 Dictionary of Terms Tolerance Permissible variation from a given dimension Unilateral, bilateral

    118. 118 Dictionary of Terms Triangle Three sides figure 180° in a triangle

    119. 119 Dictionary of Terms Typical Term used with drawing to indicate that all similar undimensioned features are same Have same dimensions as the feature marked TYP (or typical)

    120. 120 Dictionary of Terms Undercut Groove cut on inside of another cut Hole is an example

    121. 121 Dictionary of Terms Unilateral Having only one Having only one side Tolerances can be unilateral

    122. 122 Dictionary of Terms Upset To strike a piece of metal until it becomes greater in its cross section Hammer metal into different shapes

    123. 123 Dictionary of Terms Vertical Perpendicular to the horizon 90° from the horizontal plane

    124. 124 Dictionary of Terms Woodruff key Flat key, semicircular in shape Two basic dimensions coded into the key number

    125. 125 Dictionary of Terms Woodruff key Last two digits indicate diameter in 1/8ths of an inch Preceding two digits designate width in 1/32nds of an inch

    126. 126 Terminology Quiz 1 A machining operation that produces a round, flat spot around a hole. Abbreviated SF

    127. 127 Terminology Quiz 1 A machining operation that uses a toothed cutting tool to produce shapes inside of a hole, such as a keyway.

    128. 128 Terminology Quiz 1 The plural of radius.

    129. 129 Terminology Quiz 1 The term that mean two sides are involved.

    130. 130 Terminology Quiz 1 A tool used for cutting internal threads in a hole.

    131. 131 Terminology Quiz 1 Two lines equidistant from each other, extending in the same direction.

    132. 132 Terminology Quiz 1 The term that describes two lines or planes that are at right angles to one another.

    133. 133 Terminology Quiz 1 A line drawn to an arc that contacts the arc at one point only, without crossing.

    134. 134 Terminology Quiz 1 The thickness of steel metal by a number rather than a dimension.

    135. 135 Terminology Quiz 1 A shaft or spindle for holding the cutting tool or workpiece.

    136. 136 Terminology Quiz 1 A thin piece of metal inserted between two parts to adjust the fit.

    137. 137 Terminology Quiz 1 The smaller of two mating gears.

    138. 138 Terminology Quiz 1 A hole slightly larger than the fastener intended to pass through it.

    139. 139 Terminology Quiz 1 A projecting rim or collar used to attach another object.

    140. 140 Terminology Quiz 1 A flat surface perpendicular to the axis, such as the end of a shaft.

    141. 141 Terminology Quiz 1 A point, line, or surface from where other features are located.

    142. 142 Terminology Quiz 1 A spring designed to supply force when pulled end to end.

    143. 143 Terminology Quiz 1 The cooling of metals rapidly by immersing them in a liquid.

    144. 144 Terminology Quiz 1 A dimension used only for information, not for production or inspection.

    145. 145 Terminology Quiz 1 A drawing made by computer-aided drafting methods.

    146. 146 Terminology Quiz 2 A machining operation that enlarges the end cylindrically to a specified diameter and depth.

    147. 147 Terminology Quiz 2 A machining operation that produces a cone-shaped end to a hole, usually to accept a flat-head fastener.

    148. 148 Terminology Quiz 2 The permissible variation from a specified dimension.

    149. 149 Terminology Quiz 2 The maximum and minimum permissible dimensions.

    150. 150 Terminology Quiz 2 A tool for cutting external threads.

    151. 151 Terminology Quiz 2 Cylindrical surfaces that are equally centered about a common axis

    152. 152 Terminology Quiz 2 Equal halves. The same on both sides of a common centerline.

    153. 153 Terminology Quiz 2 A circular centerline upon which two or more hole centers are located.

    154. 154 Terminology Quiz 2 An object made by pouring molten metal into a mold.

    155. 155 Terminology Quiz 2 A model of the part to be cast. Used to create a cavity in the sand.

    156. 156 Terminology Quiz 2 An interior radius (concave) between intersecting surfaces of an object.

    157. 157 Terminology Quiz 2 A circular, raised portion around a hole in a casting or a forging.

    158. 158 Terminology Quiz 2 Metals that contain iron as their base material, such as steel.

    159. 159 Terminology Quiz 2 Metals without iron content, such as brass, copper, or aluminum.

    160. 160 Terminology Quiz 2 Conical shape that permits a shaft or hole to become gradually smaller from one end to the other.

    161. 161 Terminology Quiz 2 To remove a small amount of material from the end of a shaft or hole to facilitate assembly.

    162. 162 Terminology Quiz 2 A groove in a shaft to position a key.

    163. 163 Terminology Quiz 2 An external groove at a change in diameter of a shaft, usually for another part to fit against its shoulder.

    164. 164 Terminology Quiz 2 The term used to define the angle formed between one side and another.

    165. 165 Terminology Quiz 2 The minimum clearance ( or maximum interference) between two mating parts, such as a shaft and a hole.

    166. 166 Abbreviation Quiz 1 CI

    167. 167 Abbreviation Quiz 1 CRS

    168. 168 Abbreviation Quiz 1 CBORE

    169. 169 Abbreviation Quiz 1 CSK

    170. 170 Abbreviation Quiz 1 DIA

    171. 171 Abbreviation Quiz 1 DR

    172. 172 Abbreviation Quiz 1 FIL

    173. 173 Abbreviation Quiz 1 FAO

    174. 174 Abbreviation Quiz 1 GA

    175. 175 Abbreviation Quiz 1 HRS

    176. 176 Abbreviation Quiz 1 ID

    177. 177 Abbreviation Quiz 1 LH

    178. 178 Abbreviation Quiz 1 MATL

    179. 179 Abbreviation Quiz 1 MAX

    180. 180 Abbreviation Quiz 1 OD

    181. 181 Abbreviation Quiz 1 SECT

    182. 182 Abbreviation Quiz 1 STL

    183. 183 Abbreviation Quiz 1 THK

    184. 184 Abbreviation Quiz 1 THD

    185. 185 Abbreviation Quiz 1 TOL

    186. 186 Abbreviation Quiz 2 BC

    187. 187 Abbreviation Quiz 2 BHN

    188. 188 Abbreviation Quiz 2 CHAM

    189. 189 Abbreviation Quiz 2 CDS

    190. 190 Abbreviation Quiz 2 DIM.

    191. 191 Abbreviation Quiz 2 FIN.

    192. 192 Abbreviation Quiz 2 GRD

    193. 193 Abbreviation Quiz 2 HT TR

    194. 194 Abbreviation Quiz 2 LG

    195. 195 Abbreviation Quiz 2 MI

    196. 196 Abbreviation Quiz 2 MIN

    197. 197 Abbreviation Quiz 2 NTS

    198. 198 Abbreviation Quiz 2 PC

    199. 199 Abbreviation Quiz 2 RM

    200. 200 Abbreviation Quiz 2 REF

    201. 201 Abbreviation Quiz 2 RND

    202. 202 Abbreviation Quiz 2 SCR

    203. 203 Abbreviation Quiz 2 SPEC

    204. 204 Abbreviation Quiz 2 SYM

    205. 205 Abbreviation Quiz 2 TYP

    206. 206 Alphabet of Lines Visible line Represents visible edges Represents outlines of the object being drawn

    207. 207 Alphabet of Lines Hidden line Represents edges not visible in given view Represents outlines of an object not visible in given view

    208. 208 Alphabet of Lines Section lines Appear only on a sectional view Appears where surface has been cut Normally drawn diagonally

    209. 209 Alphabet of Lines Centerline Indicates symmetry, center points, or axes Consists of alternate long and short dashes

    210. 210 Alphabet of Lines Dimension line Denotes the extent of the dimension Use with arrowheads

    211. 211 Alphabet of Lines Extension line Extends surface or point away from view Used for the purpose of dimensioning

    212. 212 Alphabet of Lines Leader Drawn diagonally Directs a dimension or note to an area Normally terminates with an arrow May terminate with a dot

    213. 213 Alphabet of Lines Cutting-plane line Shows where imaginary cutting creates a sectional view May be series of long dashes or alternately two short dashes between single long dashes Arrowheads indicate the direction of sight

    214. 214 Alphabet of Lines Viewing-plane line Used in conjunction with removed views to show where view would normally appear Arrowheads indicate direction of sight

    215. 215 Alphabet of Lines Short break line Terminates a view to conserve space and avoid congestion Separates internal and external features with broken-out sections

    216. 216 Alphabet of Lines Long break line Allows removal of a long central portion of an object to shorten a view Normally used in pairs

    217. 217 Alphabet of Lines Phantom line Represents the outline of an adjacent part Shows alternate position of a given part

    218. 218 Alphabet of Lines Phantom line Replaces repetitive detail-e.g.-coils, gear teeth, threads Drawn with two short dashes between single long dashes Lines are thinner than the cutting/viewing-plane line

    219. 219 Alphabet of Lines Chain line Used to indicate an area or portion of a surface Surface receives special treatment

    220. 220 Alphabet of Lines

    221. 221 Alphabet of Lines Drawn parallel to surface profile at a short distance from it Dimensions added for length and location

    222. 222 Alphabet of Lines Dimensions omitted when chain line clearly indicates location and extent of surface

    223. 223 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 1 Shows the outline of the object.

    224. 224 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 1 2. Indicates the place from where the removed view is viewed.

    225. 225 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 1 3. Points diagonally to an area or a feature.

    226. 226 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 1 4. Represents a surface not visible in the view drawn.

    227. 227 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 1 5. Shows an alternate position of the movable arm.

    228. 228 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 1 6. Terminates with arrowheads and encloses a dimension figure.

    229. 229 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 1 7. Extends the visible line for the purpose of dimensioning to it.

    230. 230 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 1 8. Indicates the place where the section is cut.

    231. 231 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 1 9. Shows the axis of symmetrical parts and the arm’s path of motion.

    232. 232 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 1 10. Permits the use of a partial view to conserve space and avoid congestion.

    233. 233 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 1 11. Represents the exposed surface of a sectioned feature.

    234. 234 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 1 12. List the five lines that are drawn thick.

    235. 235 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 1 13. List the six lines that include short dashes.

    236. 236 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 1 14. List the four lines that include arrowheads.

    237. 237 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 1 15. How does the cutting-plane line differ from the viewing–plane line (in application)?

    238. 238 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 2 List the proper names of the lines used in the illustration.

    239. 239

    240. 240

    241. 241 List the proper names of the lines used in the illustration.

    242. 242 List the proper names of the lines used in the illustration.

    243. 243 List the proper names of the lines used in the illustration.

    244. 244 List the proper names of the lines used in the illustration.

    245. 245 List the proper names of the lines used in the illustration.

    246. 246 List the proper names of the lines used in the illustration.

    247. 247 List the proper names of the lines used in the illustration.

    248. 248 List the proper names of the lines used in the illustration.

    249. 249 List the proper names of the lines used in the illustration.

    250. 250 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 3 Match the lines with their correct names.

    251. 251 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 3 Match the lines with their correct names.

    252. 252 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 3 Match the lines with their correct names.

    253. 253 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 3 Match the lines with their correct names.

    254. 254 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 3 Match the lines with their correct names.

    255. 255 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 3 Match the lines with their correct names.

    256. 256 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 3 Match the lines with their correct names.

    257. 257 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 3 Match the lines with their correct names.

    258. 258 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 3 Match the lines with their correct names.

    259. 259 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 3 Match the lines with their correct names.

    260. 260 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 3 Match the lines with their correct names.

    261. 261 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 3 Match the lines with their correct names.

    262. 262 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 3 Match the lines with their correct names.

    263. 263 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 4 Match letters from the list with numbers in the illustration.

    264. 264 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 4 Match letters from the list with numbers in the illustration.

    265. 265 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 4 Match letters from the list with numbers in the illustration.

    266. 266 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 4 Match letters from the list with numbers in the illustration.

    267. 267 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 4 Match letters from the list with numbers in the illustration.

    268. 268 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 4 Match letters from the list with numbers in the illustration.

    269. 269 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 4 Match letters from the list with numbers in the illustration.

    270. 270 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 4 Match letters from the list with numbers in the illustration.

    271. 271 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 4 Match letters from the list with numbers in the illustration.

    272. 272 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 4 Match letters from the list with numbers in the illustration.

    273. 273 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 4 Match letters from the list with numbers in the illustration.

    274. 274 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 4 Match letters from the list with numbers in the illustration.

    275. 275 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 4 Match letters from the list with numbers in the illustration.

    276. 276 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 4 Match letters from the list with numbers in the illustration.

    277. 277 Alphabet of Lines Quiz 4 Match letters from the list with numbers in the illustration.

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