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HUMAN TRAFFICKING : What we know and what we need to know

HUMAN TRAFFICKING : What we know and what we need to know. Cheryl Ann Lapp PhD, RN, & Allison F endrick, RN Sigma Theta Tau, Delta Phi Chapter February 11, 2014. What is Human Trafficking?. Essential elements of trafficking include the use of force, fraud or coercion.

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HUMAN TRAFFICKING : What we know and what we need to know

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  1. HUMAN TRAFFICKING: What we know and what we need to know Cheryl Ann Lapp PhD, RN, & Allison Fendrick, RN Sigma Theta Tau, Delta Phi Chapter February 11, 2014

  2. What is Human Trafficking? Essential elements of trafficking include the use of force, fraud or coercion. Strategies like physical confinement, constraint by confiscation of identification papers, physical violence, or threat of bodily harm to family, can effectively silence trafficked victims and immobilize them from seeking help.

  3. Providers need some contextual understanding of the problem: strategies involve deceit, romance, abduction, or even sale by family, because a better life is promised through employment opportunities in the US. Women & girls often enticed by promises of jobs as nannies, maids, restaurant workers, sales clerks or models.

  4. Marketing Model Types of trafficking: sex industry, agricultural work, domestic servitude, construction, hotels, nail salons… Hard to prosecute traffickers, advertising companies (media websites in the online marketplace)

  5. Missing Children Rescued from Super Bowl Sex Trade in FBI Sting (Cristina Corbin, FoxNews.com)

  6. Role Of Health Care Providers Prevention of Continued Trafficking and Caring for Victims is the Goal Nurses are frontline healthcare workers among the most positioned to identify & help trafficked victims, especially in the Emergency Dept.

  7. Importance of ED Providers Studies found that 56% of trafficked victims in the US required ED treatment while in captivity and 25% sought ED treatment multiple times (Raymond & Hughes, 2001). In another study, 28% of victims came into contact with the health care system while in captivity yet NONE were identified as human trafficking victims (Family Violence Prevention Fund, 2005)

  8. Barriers to helping trafficked victims: Provider and staff lack of awareness Lack of Screening and Response Protocols Victims are often accompanied by traffickers Language Barriers

  9. Assessment Questions* YES/NO Answers to: 1.Are you paid for the work you do? 2.Can you leave your job if you want to? 3. Can you come & go as you please? 4. Have you or your family been threatened? 5. Do you have to ask for permission to eat, sleep, or go to the restroom? 6. Are there locks on the doors and windows where you live or work so that you can’t get out? 7. Has your identification or documentation been taken from you? (U.S. Dept. of State, 2009)

  10. Resources: US Department of Health and Human Services(2012 Campaign called “Rescue & Restore”) The Polaris Project Toolkit for red flag warning indicators (2012) International Organization of Migration (IOM) & London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM): Guiding Principles for Health Care Professionals (2009) Minnesota Center for Victims of Torture (CVT): The St. Paul Healing Center (Trauma-Informed Care) National Human Trafficking Resource Center Hotline (NHTRC) 1-888-373-7888

  11. Hardiness VS. Resilience Hardiness allows individuals to endure significant adversity, but survivors may be blocked by anger & blame (Earvolino-Ramirez, 2007) Resilience enables people to heal from painful wounds, take charge of their lives, and go on to live in a positive manner (Walsh, 1998)

  12. Key First Interventions: Listening and Offering Validating Messages You don’t deserve this; you deserve better than this I care. I am glad you told me. We can work together to keep you safe & healthy You are not alone in figuring this out. I would like to help you.Ganley(1998)

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