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The Urinary System

This video explores the functions and anatomy of the urinary system, including how it removes wastes, maintains electrolyte balance, and acts as a homeostatic organ. Learn about kidney filtration rates, nitrogenous wastes, nephron functioning, and more.

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The Urinary System

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  1. The Urinary System

  2. OVERVIEW • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lfGYd1wrTgE&list=PLR6x-Lyq3PY7GVj1h5mFQ9Y9mMj_jnmWQ Bozeman • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qfWx8msgHqM

  3. Function • Remove nitrogenous wastes • Maintain electrolyte(ions), pH (acid-base), and fluid balance of blood • Homeostatic organ • Acts as blood filter • Release hormones What does this mean? It regulates the water and salt in the body. So… whatever excess we have, it helps us get rid of it.

  4. Kidneys as Filters • Average kidneyfiltration rate • = 180 liters (50 gal) of blood/day • 178-179 liters are reabsorbed back into blood

  5. Nitrogenous Wastes urea uric acid ammonia

  6. kidneys ureters urinary bladder urethra Organs of the Urinary System

  7. Check your kidney diagram • Calyx • Renal column • Medullary pyramid • Pelvis • Fibrous capsule • Renal cortex

  8. renal pyramids renal pelvis renal cortex renal capsule ureter renal medulla Kidney Anatomy

  9. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cc8sUv2SuaY&feature=related

  10. nephron renal artery renal vein Nephron = functional unit of kidney Each kidney contains > 1,000,000 nephrons. Kidney Anatomy

  11. blood filtration tubular reabsorption and secretion Nephron Functioning “refreshed” blood urine

  12. glomerulus efferent arteriole Bowman’s capsule afferent arteriole proximal convoluted tubule artery distal convoluted tubule peritubular capillaries vein collecting duct loop of Henle

  13. renal cortex renal medulla DCT Glomerulus Each kidney contains over 1 million nephrons and thousands of collecting ducts PCT Collecting duct Loop of Henle

  14. efferent arteriole afferent arteriole Bowman’s capsule glomerulus Glomerular Filtration Filters blood; proteins can’t pass through

  15. Add ARROWS TO Figure 15-3: Diagram of a NEPHRON.

  16. Label NEPHRON diagram • Glomerular capsule • Afferent arteriole • Efferent arteriole • Cortical radiate artery • Cortical radiate vein • Arucate artery • Arcuate vein • Interlobar artery • Interlobar vein • Loop of Henle (nephron loop) • Collecting duct • Distal convoluted tubule • Proximal convoluted tubule • Peritubular capillaries • glomerulus

  17. Composition of Glomerular Filtrate (1,15) • Water • Small Soluble Organic Molecules (i.e. amino acids, glucose) • Mineral Ions

  18. Proximal Convoluted Tubule (13) Reabsorbs: water, glucose, amino acids, and sodium.

  19. Loop of Henle(10) Descending – reabsorbs H2O Ascending – reabsorbs Na+ and Cl-

  20. Distal Convoluted Tubule(12) ABSORBS - H20 Ca++ PO4 (phosphates) Na+ SECRETES - H+ K+

  21. Collecting Duct(11) Allows for the osmotic reabsorption of water.

  22. Urine Water- 95% Nitrogenous waste: • urea • uric acid • Creatinine (waste product of muscle cell metabolism) Ions: • sodium • potassium • sulfate • phosphate

  23. ureters internal sphincters external sphincters urethra Urinary Bladder Draw & label

  24. Sphincter Muscles on Bladder Internal urethral sphincter: • Smooth muscle • Involuntary control External Urethral sphincter: • Skeletal muscle • Voluntary control

  25. Diuresis When bladder fills with 200 ml of urine, stretch receptors transmit impulses to the CNS and produce a reflex contraction of the bladder (PNS)

  26. Distension of the Urinary Bladder Micturition – voiding; eliminating urine

  27. Urinalysis Why do doctors ask for a urine sample?        characteristics: • smell- ammonia-like • pH- 4.5-8, ave 6.0 • specific gravity– more than 1.0; ~1.001-1.003 • color- affected by what we eat: salty foods, vitamins

  28. Odor odor- normal is ammonia-like diabetes mellitus- smells fruity or acetone like due to elevated ketone levels diabetes insupidus- yucky asparagus---

  29. pH- range 4.5-8 ave 6.0 vegetarian diet- urine is alkaline protein rich and wheat diet - urine is acidic

  30. Color Color- pigment is urochrome Yellow color due to metabolic breakdown of hemoglobin (by bile or bile pigments) Beets or rhubarb- might give urine a pink or smoky color Vitamins- vitamin C- bright yellow Infection- cloudy

  31. Abnormal Contents of Urine Glucose- when present in urine condition called glycosuria (nonpathological) [glucose not normally found in urine] Indicative of: • Excessive carbohydrate intake • Stress • Diabetes mellitus

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