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Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis

Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis. HYPP Genetic disorder – QH Impressive Dominant, but expression variable Abnormality in movement of Na/K. Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis. Affects muscle contraction Involuntary muscle quivering Severe episodes can result in respiratory failure

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Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis

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  1. Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis • HYPP • Genetic disorder – QH Impressive • Dominant, but expression variable • Abnormality in movement of Na/K

  2. Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis • Affects muscle contraction • Involuntary muscle quivering • Severe episodes can result in respiratory failure • Normally spontaneous recovery • Precipitated by stress, change in diet

  3. Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis • Nutritional management – Limit increases in serum K • Limit dietary intake of K • Promote K into cells • Eliminate excess K via urine

  4. Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis • Restrict K intake to < 1% diet DM • Grains = < 0.5% K • Greatest source of K is forage (3%+) • Sample & test forage • Grass, small-grain hay, not legumes • Increase grain (watch molasses, SBM, or dehydrated alfalfa)

  5. ExertionalRhabdomyolysis (ER) • Syndrome • Muscle pain & cramping w/ exercise • 2 types: • Sporadic or infrequent • Chronic

  6. ExertionalRhabdomyolysis (ER) • Chronic • Recurrent (RER) – Thoroughbreds • Polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM) – QH, Paints, Morgans, Appaloosas, Draft breeds, Warmbloods

  7. Recurrent ExertionalRhabdomyolysis • Genetic defect in Ca regulation • Muscle necrosis during exercise • Little research • Some evidence – lower starch & sugar and/or higher fat are beneficial

  8. Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy • Increased storage of glycogen & odd polysaccharides in muscle • Muscle stiffness, back pain, shifting lameness, gait changes, muscle atrophy, colic-like symptoms • Diet modifies expression of condition

  9. Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy • Frequency/severity higher with: • Little exercise • Fed energy concentrates (starch/sugar) • Improve with: • Restricted starch/sugar (< 8% DE from starch/sugar) • Added fat (> 10% DE from fat)

  10. Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy • Draft horses show improvement with diet changes • QHs & Warmbloods need both diet change and daily exercise (or turnout) for improvement

  11. Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy • Research on mechanism in QHs • Increased glycogen storage due to: • Enhanced insulin sensitivity • Increased uptake of glucose into muscle

  12. Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy • Nutritional management: • Feed at least 1.5% BW forage • Grass hay preferred due to lower NSC • No grain and/or molasses • No sugar • Use alternative energy sources

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