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Regents Review: Human Rights Violations

Regents Review: Human Rights Violations. Do Now: define human rights. Kosovo. Yugoslavia was a multinational state created after WWI. People who live there: Serbs (Orthodox Christians), Croats (Catholics) and Albanians (Muslims).

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Regents Review: Human Rights Violations

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  1. Regents Review: Human Rights Violations Do Now: define human rights

  2. Kosovo • Yugoslavia was a multinational state created after WWI. • People who live there: Serbs (Orthodox Christians), Croats (Catholics) and Albanians (Muslims). • After fall of communism created their own nations: Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Macedonia.

  3. Ethnic Cleansing • In Bosnia and Herzegovina Serbs tried to remove non-Serbs by force. • Bosnians became refugees. Many others brutalized or killed. • Policy of ethnic cleansing.

  4. Slobodan Milosevic • Yugoslav President Milosevic (a Serb) used army to prevent non-Serbs from breaking away from Yugoslavia. • Supported ethnic cleansing. • Sent troops against Albanians in Kosovo who demanded self rule.

  5. NATO Intervenes • Serbs began a brutal campaign of ethnic cleansing against Muslim Kosovars. • Milosevic refused NATO peace plan. • Milosevic arrested and tried. • Died in jail

  6. Genocide in Rwanda

  7. Rwanda • Population of 7 million: 85% Hutu and 14% Tutsi. • In 1994 Hutu extremists supported by the government began to murder the Tutsis. • 500,000 killed

  8. History of Violence • Two groups are very similar: same language and traditions. • Belgian colonists divided them according to ethnicity. Carry identity cards. • Belgians considered Tutsis superior and gave better jobs and education. • Hutu resentment caused riots in 1959- 20,000 Tutsis killed

  9. continued • 1962- Rwanda granted independence. • Hutus took their place. Tutsis used as a scapegoat in every crisis.

  10. Building Up To Genocide • Tutsi refugees formed Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF). • RPF goal- overthrow the government and return to their homeland. • April 1994 President Habyarimana’s plane was shot down. • Presidential guard began a campaign of retribution. • Slaughter of Tutsis began.

  11. Aftermath • July 1995 RPF captured the capital. The government collapsed and RPF declared a ceasefire. • A multiethnic government has been formed and all refugees are free to return to Rwanda.

  12. Apartheid in South Africa

  13. Apartheid • System of separation of the races. Apartheid enforced segregation. • Blacks had to live in homelands. • Separate trains, beaches, schools and other public facilities. • Interracial marriages banned. • Blacks had to carry I.D. cards.

  14. African National Congress • ANC launched boycotts and practiced non-violent civil disobedience. • Nelson Mandela was ANC leader- jailed for 27 years. • Desmond Tutu- black Anglican bishop convinced nations to impose economic sanctions.

  15. F.W. de Klerk • Became President of South Africa in 1989. • De Klerk legalized the ANC and released Mandela from jail. • Abandoned apartheid and ended segregation laws. • 1994- Mandela becomes the first black President of South Africa. • Mandela and DeKlerk win Nobel Peace Prize.

  16. Tiananmen’s Square China

  17. Tiananmen’s Square • Deng allowed for greater economic freedoms. • Students traveled abroad and studied in Europe and U.S. • May 1989 student protestors entered Tiananmen’s Square to protest for more rights and freedoms. • Pro-Democracy demonstration.

  18. Deng’s Response • Students refused to disperse. • Deng sent in troops and tanks. • Thousands of Chinese students were killed or wounded. • Deng wanted to maintain control. • 1990’s efforts to get China to end human rights violations failed.

  19. One Child Policy China

  20. Mao Zedong • Mao wanted people to have many children. • Children raised in communist ideology. • Said “each child is born with one stomach and two hands.” • When Deng comes to power the population is 1.1 billion.

  21. Deng’s One Child Policy • Deng’s policy to limit population growth. • Incentives- couples who sign a pledge get better housing and medical care. • Penalties- heavily fined, home can be destroyed, take your job away. • Peer pressure- couples who have more than one child turned in by neighbors. • Education- posters, distribute birth control. • Forced sterilization policy.

  22. The Sudan- Darfur

  23. Sudan's Civil War • For 21 years tensions between Arab Muslims in the North and Christian Africans in the South. • Competing for scarce natural resources. • Arab Muslims dominate the government.

  24. Janjaweed • February 2003- Government backed groups known as Janjaweed terrorize Africans. • Destroy villages, maiming men, ransacking food supplies and block international assistance.

  25. The Terror Campaign • Janjaweed carryout systematic campaigns of rape against women. • Attempt to humiliate the women and their families and weaken tribal ethnic lines. • Government is carrying out ethnic cleansing.

  26. The Situation In Darfur • More than 2 million killed. • 1.2 million displaced from their homes. • 200,000 fled to Chad. • 405 villages destroyed. • UN estimates 350,000 will die this year from disease and starvation.

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