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Digestive System

Digestive System. What to think about…. What is the digestive system? Why do we need it (what’s its function)? How does it work? What are the different parts and their functions?. Of all the things we do, what requires energy?. Everything. In order to obtain energy we need. FUEL.

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Digestive System

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  1. Digestive System

  2. What to think about….. • What is the digestive system? • Why do we need it (what’s its function)? • How does it work? • What are the different parts and their functions?

  3. Of all the things we do, what requires energy? Everything • In order to obtain energy we need FUEL How do we get this fuel? We Eat

  4. What does food provide besides just energy? RAW MATERIALS- we need to grow, repair tissues, and make new body cells. • But before our bodies can use food it must be broken down

  5. Process of breaking down food is known as Digestion. Why?? • Because food must be broken into smaller pieces that can fit inside a cell. The small pieces of food that contains the chemicals the body need to stay healthy are called Nutrients

  6. The main nutrients that we need from food include: • Proteins • Carbohydrates • Fats • Vitamins • Minerals • Fiber

  7. Proteins Where is most protein found? • Proteins are the main structure of cells and tissues. It is usually used for repair and replacement of body cells. Meat Dairy

  8. Carbohydrates Where are most carbohydrates found? • Carbohydrates are the body’s main source of energy. Pasta, Rice, Bread, Fruits, etc.

  9. 2 kinds of Carbs • Simple Carbohydrates- these carbs are your basic sugars that your body can turn into energy very quickly. • Complex Carbohydrates- these carbs include potatoes and foods made from grains. Requires the body break them down first. Also called starches.

  10. Fats Where are most fats found? Dairy, oil, butter, meats, and especially fast foods. Fat is a way that the human body stores energy. Too much can be unhealthy though.

  11. 2 Types of Fat • The fat that is a liquid at room temperature and is found in vegetable oils and seeds is known as unsaturatedfat • Fats that are solidat room temperature and are considered not good for you are called saturated fats

  12. The nutrients needed in small quantities in order to regulate body functions and prevent disease are called • Another substance needed by the body helps chemical reactions, builds cells, sends nerve impulses, and carries oxygen are Vitamins minerals

  13. Main parts of the Digestive System • Mouth • Esophagus • Stomach • Small intestine • Large Intestine Together these make a tube called the Digestive tract or Alimentary Cana;

  14. About how long is the digestive tract? 30ft • Other organs attached to the digestive tract are called and they include the following: Accessory organs pancreas Liver GallBladder

  15. This is the opening to the digestive system. Mouth • What are 2 of the parts of the mouth that aid in digestion? Salivary Glands TEETH

  16. 2 kinds of Digestion Processes • The physical breakdown of food into smaller parts by cutting and tearing it. Mechanical What part of the mouth does this? TEETH

  17. Another kind of digestion where the molecules of food are broken down into even smaller molecules is called • which begins in your mouth when food combines with a liquid called Chemical Digestion saliva

  18. When food is swallowed, where does it go? to the esophagus • What is the esophagus? A tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.

  19. How does food make its way through the digestive tract? • What is peristalsis? Peristalsis Waves of muscular contractions that move food through the digestive system.

  20. 1. What are the chemicals your body needs to be healthy? • A. peristalsis • B. nutrients • C. organs • D. saliva

  21. 2. Which of the following is a liquid at room temperature? • A. Proteins • B. Saturated fats • C. Unsaturated fats • D. Vitamins

  22. 3. What connects the mouth to the stomach? • A. peristalsis • B. pancreas • C. esophagus • D. protein

  23. 4. Which of the following is not a nutrient? • A. saliva • B. protein • C. fat • D. carbohydrates

  24. 5. The type of digestion that breaks down food into smaller molecules is • A. Carbohydrate • B. Peristalsis • C. Mechanical • D. Chemical

  25. 6. Which part of the mouth is responsible for mechanical digestion? • A. lips • B. tongue • C. saliva • D. teeth

  26. 7. What do we call the kind of carbohydrate that is easy to get energy from, like sugar? • A. Simple • B. Complex • C. Double • D. Single

  27. 8. Which of the following is not connected to the digestive tract? • A. gall bladder • B. liver • C. pancreas • D. ureter

  28. 9. Which of the following is a good source of protein? • A. bread • B. rice • C. meat • D. potatoes

  29. 10. How does food makes it way through the digestive tract? • A. esophagus • B. peristalsis • C. mechanical • D. complex

  30. Digestive System Part II

  31. STOMACH MUSCLES:   Longitudinal, Circular, Oblique

  32. Stomach • Regions • Cardiac • Fundic • Body (greater and lesser curvature) • Pyloric

  33. Stomach Lining Gastric Juices contain acids that break down food  Mucus prevents stomach from digesting itself Chyme - paste, after food has been broken down, released then into the duodenum via the pyloric sphincter valve Rugae - folds within stomach Gastric Pits contain glands to make juices

  34. How does mechanical digestion occur in the stomach? squeezing • How does chemical digestion occur? The stomach produces gastric acid that helps breakdown food.

  35. What is gastric juice made of? • This what helps in the chemical digestion of food in the stomach. Hydrochloric Acid Enzymes

  36. HCL is very strong acid. Why does it not harm the tissue of the stomach? • A layer of mucus provides protection from acid for the stomach. Mucus

  37. What’s it called if the acid gets through the layer of mucus and damages the inside of the stomach? Ulcer

  38. As the food leaves the stomach, it has a new name called • Chyme is a thin watery product that moves slowly out of the stomach and into the Chyme small intestine

  39. As food enters the small intestine, breaks down the fats and oils in the food. bile • Bile is a greenish liquid that acts like soap or detergent in how it can break apart fats and oils. This liquid is made by the and stored in the liver gall bladder

  40. Like the liver and gall bladder the is also connected to the small intestine. pancreas • The pancreas also secretes chemicals that aid in digestion of food (chyme).

  41. The pancreas produces enzymes to help digestion. It also produces a hormone called insulin • Insulin allows for the absorption of glucose by the body’s cells. Without it, the cells can’t absorb their food. People who’s pancreas does not produce insulin have a disorder called diabetes

  42. Small Intestine Starts at the pyloric sphincter 1.  Duodenum 2.  Jejunum 3.  Ileum *Mesentery  Membrane holds it together,  contains blood vessels

  43. circulatory system The is responsible for getting the nutrients from the small intestine out to the rest of the body. • But first the molecules of food have to get from the Small Intestine into the blood.

  44. The inside of the Small Intestine there are small fingerlike projections called • The villi have capillaries running through them that can absorb the nutrients from the chyme. Villi

  45. Does the body use all the food it eats?

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