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Field Area Networks

Field Area Networks. March 19, 2014. Outline. Opening Introductions FAN Introduction Network Evaluation Backhaul Spectrum Standards Application Example. Introduction and Acknowledgement. UTC: Klaus Bender* EnerNex: Erich Gunther* , Doug Houseman* , Aaron Snyder* Acknowledgement

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Field Area Networks

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  1. Field Area Networks March 19, 2014

  2. Outline • Opening Introductions • FAN Introduction • Network Evaluation • Backhaul • Spectrum • Standards • Application Example

  3. Introduction and Acknowledgement • UTC: Klaus Bender* • EnerNex: Erich Gunther*, Doug Houseman*, Aaron Snyder* • Acknowledgement • Alcatel Lucent: Mark Madden* • CLECO: Troy West • Council Rock Engineering: David Rodriquez • Exelon Corp: Doug McGinnis • Fujitsu Network Communications: John Chowdhury • Salt River Project: Chris Campbell and Ron Taylor • West Monroe Partners: Dan Belmont* *Contributing Author

  4. Field Area Network Introduction

  5. Field Area Networks-Definition • Securely connects devices used to monitor and control the power system to the hardware and software used to accomplish those tasks • Monitoring and Control: meters, line sensors, capacitor bank controllers, transformer load tap changers, relays/reclosers, etc. • Communications: wireless private or public radio spectrum, cellular telephone, wired, or power line carrier

  6. Field Area Networks-Conceptual

  7. Field Area Networks-Application • Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) • Demand Response (DR) • Distribution Automation (DA) • Wide Area Monitoring, Protection, and Control (WAMPAC) • Substation Automation (SA) • Field Worker Data Connectivity • Physical Security • Substation Operational Voice • Enterprise Voice/Data

  8. NetworkevaluationConsiderations

  9. Network Evaluation • Requirements Conditions: • Steady State • Outage • Restoration • Firmware Push • Also consider mode changing • Architecture dependent (PTMP, Mesh)

  10. Network Evaluation Mesh Considerations A: single relay point B: long hop C: deep and narrow D: back chain E: non-communicating location

  11. Network Evaluation - PTMP • Tower Lessons Learned, Summary • Coverage overlap critical, invest in field measurements to verify • Some filtering may be needed for other signals • Avoid power line proximity • Understand emergency condition operation for multi-carrier towers • Topology Lessons Learned, Summary • There are a limited number of simultaneous conversations per tower • Different message headers, priority groups, or slightly different frequencies may reduce some issues • Report-by-exception devices may be difficult to verify if no program is in place

  12. Network Evaluation - Mesh • Tower Lessons Learned, Summary • Installation locations may suffer from multihop Ping-Pong messaging • Variable latency may prove troublesome for some operational applications • Performance during outages and communications overload may be mitigated by longer lasting batteries • Head-end Lessons Learned, Summary • Most systems are intended for batch processing, not real-time operations • Grid traffic concerns, latency, and interface design key • Operation schedules should dictate firmware upgrades and other system maintenance

  13. Network Evaluation - Hybrid • Rigorous design and testing should be performed for each location • Seasonal conditions will impact performance, clear skies, storms, snow, ground clutter • Assume worst case foliage conditions • Testing and modeling equipment is worth the expense • Hybrid networks combine both the strengths and weaknesses of PTMP and Mesh

  14. Backhaulconsiderations

  15. Backhaul Technology Considerations

  16. Backhaul Considerations Cost of Ownership Analysis, FAN

  17. Backhaul Considerations Technology Comparison, WiMAX vs. LTE

  18. Spectrumconsiderations

  19. Spectrum - Footprint Suburban Rural Urban Vertical Urban

  20. Spectrum - Types Licensed Unlicensed Technology and Standards Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) Examples: IEEE 802.11b, 802.15.4, 802.16

  21. Spectrum Options Full Coverage in Appendix B of White Paper

  22. Standards andInteroperability

  23. Standards and Technology Adoption FAN

  24. Standards and Technology Adoption • Identify a Use Case • Identify Requirements • Identify a Business Case • Identify Business Requirements • Identify a Testing and Certification Process • Do not just quote standard numbers

  25. Application example

  26. Application Example

  27. Application Example Use Case: Outage and Restoration Management • Implementation variations include: Environmental, Network Architecture, Demographic • Example leverages power outage/last gasp • Number of hops a key issue • Possible hidden pockets of outages and restored areas

  28. Application Example

  29. Application Example - Payload • Electric Meter Encounters Loss of Power

  30. Application Example - Payload • Electric Meter Detect Power Restored

  31. For Your Information • This presentation is based on a white paper recently released by UTC’s Smart Networks Council with support of UTC members and the Edison Electric Institute (EEI) • The paper was written by EnerNex, members of the SNC board and UTC staff • The SNC FAN paper is available for download at: http://www.utc.org/online-store

  32. Erich Gunther, Chairman and CTO erich@enernex.com Doug Houseman, Vice President doug@enernex.com Aaron Snyder, Deputy Director aaron@enernex.com Thank you!

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