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Revolution in Latin America

Revolution in Latin America. Revolution in Haiti. Saint Dominique- French colony and part of Hispaniola. Aug 1791 calls for revolution and 100,000 slaves rose in revolt Toussaint L’ouverture emerges as a leader

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Revolution in Latin America

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  1. Revolution in Latin America

  2. Revolution in Haiti • Saint Dominique- French colony and part of Hispaniola. • Aug 1791 calls for revolution and 100,000 slaves rose in revolt • Toussaint L’ouverture emerges as a leader • 1802 French troops landed to dispose of him. He tried to barter for an end of slavery in the colonies • He was sent to jail in the French Alps, where he died

  3. Haiti’s Independence • Jean Jacques Dessalines took over the fight and in 1804 declared the colony independent • Haiti was the first black colony to declare independence

  4. Latin America Sweeps to Freedom • Sharply divided classes • Peninsulares- men born in Spain (top of the social class) • Creoles- Spanish born in the New World • Mestizos- mixed descent- European/Native American • Mulattos and Africans • Indians

  5. Creoles Spearhead Independence • Least suppressed and most educated group • Influenced by Enlightenment ideas

  6. Events in Europe Trigger Latin American Revolutions • Napoleon’s conquest triggered revolts in Spanish colonies • No loyalty to French king in Spain

  7. Libertadores End Spanish Rule • 2 brilliant generals in South American Wars: • Simon Bolivar- Venezuelan Creole • Jose de San Martin- Argentinean

  8. Bolivar’s Route to Victory • 1811- Venezuela declares independence from Spain but the fight was not easily won • 1819- Bogotá victory • 1821- won Venezuela independence

  9. San Martin • 1816- declared Argentine independent • 1817- w/O’Higgins freed Chile • 1821- heads north toward Peru • 1822- meets with Bolivar • San Martin went to Europe and Bolivar took over the army and defeated the Spanish at the Battler of Ayacucho (Peru) in 1824

  10. Mexico Ends Spanish Rule • 1810- Miguel Hidalgo- call for rebellion • 1811- Hidalgo defeated by upper classes (Creoles) • Jose Maria Morelos- led revolution but was defeated in 1815

  11. Mexico’s Independence • 1821 – Mexico declares independence • 1823- Central American states independent

  12. Brazil • Not violent and royal family plays a role • 1807 – Napoleon’s armies to invade Spain and Portugal • 1822 Creoles demanded Brazil’s independence from Portugal and they get it

  13. Independence brings disunity • independence increases poverty • dream of united Central America fell apart- 1841 provinces split into El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Honduras

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