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Revolution & Independence in Latin America

Revolution & Independence in Latin America. 2013. Centuries of European colonization. Sparks of Independence!. European Ideas of Enlightenment!. French & American Revolutions!. Class Struggles & Discontent .

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Revolution & Independence in Latin America

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  1. Revolution & Independence in Latin America 2013

  2. Centuries of European colonization

  3. Sparks of Independence! European Ideas of Enlightenment! French & American Revolutions!

  4. Class Struggles & Discontent The peninsulares occupied the highest political positions in society as the wealthy Spanish-born citizens. * The creoles were Spaniards born in Latin America who could not hold political office but could be army officers. * Together, these two classes possessed the wealth, power, and land in Latin America.

  5. Independence in Haiti • World’s Leading Sugar Producer- Plantations- owned by Whites • Slave labor of non-white Haitians until late 1790’s. • 1791 - 1st Slave Rebellion, burning sugar fields and killing hundreds of slave owners- sets off 13 years of Civil War! • Toussaint L’Ouverture- self educated former slave

  6. Independence in Haiti • Toussaint L’Ouverture- self educated former slave • Organized rebels and by 1800 has driven all foreign forces out of Haiti. • 1802- French & Napoléon Bonaparte tries to reclaim Haiti & French capture L’Ouverture dies in French Prison • Yellow fever brings death to French & finally independence in 1803. • First Independent nation in Latin America!

  7. Independence in New Grenada(Venezuela, Columbia, Bolivia)

  8. Independence in Peru & la Plata(Chile -1818, Argentina-1812, Ecuador & Peru

  9. Independence of New Spain (Mexico-1821)

  10. Mexico- Democracy or Monarchy? • Although Iturbide's reign was short, it defined the political struggles before and after independence. • The two ends of Mexico's political spectrum: liberals who favored representative government and conservatives who favored a more authoritarian regime. • 1832- Constitution & Mexico finally becomes a republic.

  11. Independence in brazilPeaceful struggle, but monarchy remains until 1889. Dom Pedro 1 1822-1831 Dom Pedro 11 1831-1889

  12. Dates of Independence

  13. Creoles pay “lip Service” to ideas of Freedom!!! • Unlike India in 1947, when the colonial power, the white British left the country and the Indians began to establish a new government. • In most Latin American countries, the Peninsulares left the country after independence, • But the white Creoles, now top of the rigid class system, stayed in power and oppressed the other social classes. • Rise of Military dictatorships, oligarchies…. • Caudillo, Latin American military dictator

  14. Decades of Dictators, Caudillos & Oligarchies

  15. Dirty Wars or Civil Wars in Latin America!

  16. Preservation of old social order & the roman Catholic Church

  17. Monroe Doctrine James Monroe Warning for European to stay out of Latin America, But give the U.S. the power to “intervene” in Latin America!

  18. U.S. in Latin America!! U.S. often supported the ruthless dictators in Latin America We believed they were fighting “communist”!

  19. Rise in Democracies in 1990s- similar to African nations!!

  20. Cuba??

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