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The Study of Pentateuch

The Study of Pentateuch. 1. What is Torah?. The First Five Books are commonly called as the “Pentateuch” a word derived from the Greek penta meaning five and teuchos meaning scroll. Torah means not only “law” but also “teaching” or “instruction.” Story as Torah. Tamara Cohn Eskenazi.

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The Study of Pentateuch

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  1. The Study of Pentateuch

  2. 1. What is Torah? • The First Five Books are commonly called as the “Pentateuch” a word derived from the Greek penta meaning five and teuchos meaning scroll. • Torah means not only “law” but also “teaching” or “instruction.” • Story as Torah

  3. Tamara Cohn Eskenazi • “The Torah is meaningful memory written explicitly for a purpose: to engage and teach a community how to live in relation to God. The story is not a dispassionate report of what happened, merely told to satisfy curiosity. It seeks to promulgate a public memory of a shared past and define a common future. And the medium it uses, narrative, is inseparable from the messages it seeks to convey.”

  4. The Importance of Torah • For the Jews the Pentateuch contained an authority that the rest of the OT—the prophets and the writings—did not seem to match. • When the Jews were driven from their home land, it was Torah that sustained their identity. • Torah was also used for the formulation of young Israelite’s character and identity

  5. The Impact of the Torah on the OT • To borrow the phrase from Moberly, Torah is the “Old Testament of the Old Testament.”

  6. Documentary Hypothesis • Chronology of Pentateuchal Sources Astruc Eichhorn E J

  7. Chronology of the Pentateuchal sources Astruc DeWette Eichhorn Ewald E E J J D

  8. Chronology of the Pentateuchal sources Astruc DeWette Hupfeld Eichhorn Ewald E E E1 J J E2 D J D

  9. Chronology of the Pentateuchal sources Astruc DeWette Hupfeld Valke Eichhorn Ewald Graf E E E1 E2 J J E2 J D J D D E1

  10. Chronology of the Pentateuchal Sources Astruc DeWette Hupfeld Valke Wellhausen Eichhorn Ewald Graf E E E1 E2 J J J E2 J E (E2) D J D D D E1 P (E1)

  11. Conclusion of Wellhausen • Pentateuch is a combination of four different sources • Its final form was achieved not before 400 BC J-850 BC E-750 BC D-621 BC P-450 BC

  12. Theology of Pentateuch David Clines • Emphasis is on the final form-a synchronic approach • His attempt is to portray that Pentateuch is a coherent book • He chooses the theme: Pentateuch is the partial fulfillment of the promise and blessings of the patriarchs

  13. Way to Go • Both Diachronic and Synchronic approaches have to be considered • Only then the composite artistry of the redactor can be appreciated • Theology or normative aspect of the text comes alive • Biblical and Theological studies should edify and inform the congregation rather than shatter their faith.

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