DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

1. Ruminants, poultry, monogastric DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

2. Objectives • Analyze the parts and functions of the digestive system of farm animals • Describe the function and major parts of the digestive system of ruminants. • Describe the function and major parts of the digestive system of non-ruminants. • Describe the function and major parts of the digestive system of poultry.

3. Parts of the Digestive System

4. Parts of the Digestive system • Mouth • Functions • mechanical digestion • Teeth • break up food • chemical digestion (saliva) • amylase enzyme • digests starch • mucus • protects soft lining of digestive system • lubricates food for easier swallowing • buffers • neutralizes acid to prevent tooth decay • anti-bacterial chemicals • kill bacteria that enter mouth with food

6. Parts of the Digestive System • Epiglottis • flap of cartilage • closes trachea (windpipe) when swallowing • food travels down esophagus • Peristalsis • involuntary muscle contractions to move food along

7. Parts of the Digestive System • Stomach • Functions • disinfect food • hydrochloric acid = pH 2 • kills bacteria • food storage • can stretch to fit food • digests protein • pepsin enzyme

9. Part of the Digestive System • Small Intestine • Functions • digestion • digest carbohydrates • amylase from pancreas • digest proteins • trypsin & chymotrypsin from pancreas • digest lipids (fats) • bile from liver & lipase from pancreas • absorption

10. Parts of the Digestive System • Small Intestine • Made up of three parts • Duodenum • Jejunum • Ileum

12. Parts of the Digestive System • Cecum • first part of the large intestine • attached to the appendix • Its purpose is to absorb excess fluids and lubricate food with mucus to allow it to pass along the remainder of the digestive tract with ease. • Also act as storage

13. Parts of the Digestive System • Large Intestine functions: • Water absorption • > 90% of water re-absorbed • not enough water re-absorbed • diarrhea • too much water re-absorbed • Constipation • Add mucus to undigested feed • Inside your large intestine are millions of helpful bacteria

15. Parts of the Digestive System • Pancreas • Produces different enzymes for digestion • Neutralizes stomach acid in small intestine • DIABETES!!

16. Parts of the Digestive System • Liver • Production of Bile • Dark green to yellow fluid that digests lipids • Gallbladder • Stores the bile

17. Taurine

18. POULTRY

19. Poultry • Chickens • Turkeys • Ducks • Geese

20. Poultry Digestive Systems • Mouth or beak • Can not chew food • Esophagus • Connects mouth to crop • Crop • Stores feed

21. Poultry Digestive Systems • Gizzard • Crushes feed • Contains grit and gravel • Mixes feed with digestive juices • Liver • Small and Large Intestine • Vent • Removes solid and liquid waste

22. GIBLETS!!

23. Parts of the digestive system • Esophagus • Tube like structure • Stomach • Pouch with undigested feed • Liver • Large brown organ beneath the stomach or crop

24. Parts of the digestive system • Small intestine • Long tube • Gray colored partially digested feed • Large intestine • Large relatively short compartment • Contains fecal material

25. Mono-gastric Stomachs Non-ruminants

26. Non-ruminants • Animals that only have one stomach (mono-gastric). • Dogs, cats, horses, bears, humans, etc. • They can either be herbivores, omnivores, or carnivores.

27. Mouth • Teeth • All teeth are made up of incisors, canines, pre-molars, and molars.

28. Mouth • Animals have three different types of salivary glands (parotid, mandibular, sublingual) • They moisten the food • They lubricate the mouth • Add enzymes and bicarbonate salts

30. Tongue • A mass of muscle covered by mucous membranes. • Divided into three parts: • Apex (rostral end) • Body • Root (near the throat) • The muscles are oriented longitudinal, perpendicular, and transverse.

32. Stomach • The simple stomach is made up of 4 parts: • Fundus • Cardia (near the esophagus) • Body (largest) • Pylorus

33. Carnivore • Very Well developed stomach • Uncomplicated intestine • Limited fiber digestion

34. Omnivore • More complicated GIT than carnivores • Colonic digesters • Pigs, humans • Cecal digesters • rat

35. Herbivore • Cow- ruminant • Horse- simple stomach, large cecum, large sacculated LI • Rabbit- larger stomach, very large sacculated cecum, unsacculated LI

36. Common Digestive Disorders in Dogs • General signs to look out for • Diarrhea/constipation • Loss of appetite • Abdominal pain • Bleeding • Bloating • Dehydration

37. Digestive disorders • Hernia • A protrusion of an organ through the abdomen • Gingivitis/periodontitis • Damage & inflammation to the gums of the mouth • Excessive saliva • Canine Parvovirus (parvo) • Virus that replicates and spreads into bloodstream • No treatment • Bloat • Twisting of the stomach on its axis causing gas • Swallowed poison

38. Digestive Disorders • Many bacteria and parasitic disorders • round worm, hook worm, salmonella, flukes, etc. • Pancreatic cancer/ pancreatitis • Hepatic Encephalopathy • Failure of the liver to remove toxins • Anaphylactic Shock (liver) • Anal sac disease • Clogged or infected anal sacs • Rectal tears

39. Common Disorders in Horses • Signs of digestive disorders • Drooling • Shock • Bleeding • Diarrhea • Abdominal pain • *horses cannot vomit*

40. Horse disorders • Colic • Severe abdominal pain • Teeth problems • Floating • Paralysis of tongue • Cysts • Hernias • Pyloric Stenosis • Portosystemic shunt • Toxins bypass the liver and enter nervous system

41. Horse disorders • Gastrointestinal obstructions • Intestinal twisting • Salmonella • Potomac Horse Fever (Neorickettsiaristicii) • Vaccine available • Foal Heat Diarrhea • Parasites, viruses, bacteria • Ascarids (worms), horse bot flies, strongyles

42. Homework  • Research at least two digestive disorders (any two from any animal). • Please write a paper on them • Should be two pages (one page each) typed • Should include disease name, how it is spread, symptoms, how it can be prevented, and how it is treated. • Please cite your sources • Due on the 30th/31st