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Does Change in Adolescent Faith, Spirituality and Religiosity Really Happen?

Does Change in Adolescent Faith, Spirituality and Religiosity Really Happen?. Janice L. Templeton Stephen C. Peck Jacquelynne S. Eccles University of Michigan. Overview. Spirituality, religiosity, faith: complex constructs Complex developmental processes

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Does Change in Adolescent Faith, Spirituality and Religiosity Really Happen?

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  1. Does Change in Adolescent Faith, Spirituality and Religiosity Really Happen? Janice L. Templeton Stephen C. Peck Jacquelynne S. Eccles University of Michigan

  2. Overview • Spirituality, religiosity, faith: complex constructs • Complex developmental processes • Mixed methods approach: person-centered and variable centered • Stability and change in adolescent religiosity: person-centered approach

  3. Complex Develomental Processes Multifinality Equifinality Cicchetti, Dante & Rogosch, 1996

  4. Multifinality (Cicchetti, Dante & Rogosch, 1996) Spiritual, but not religious Not religious Religious family context Religious and attend religious services weekly Religious, but don’t attend religious services

  5. Equifinality (Cicchetti, Dante & Rogosch, 1996) Highly religious family Spiritual, but not religious Civically engaged family Environmentalist family

  6. Person-centered Approach • vs. Variable centered approach • Complex, dynamic and adaptive person-environment systems • Principles and mechanisms underlying developmental processes • Patterns of development across time Magnusson, 2003

  7. MADICS(Eccles & Sameroff, PI’s)Maryland Adolescent Development in Context Study • 6 (plus) Waves of Longitudinal Data • Questionnaires and Interviews • Target Youth, PCG, SCG, & OS • N’s 1482 (age 12) to 900 (age 23) • 49% Female • 60% Black, 30% White, 10% Other

  8. We thank the following people for their support of this project (listed alphabetically): Elaine Belansky, Todd Bartko, Heather Bouchey, Nick Butler, Celina Chatman, Diane Early, Kari Fraser, Leslie Gutman, Katie Jodl, Ariel Kalil, Linda Kuhn, Sarah Lord, Karen McCarthy, Oksana Malanchuk, Alice Michael, Melanie Overby, Stephen C. Peck, Robert Roeser, Sherri Steele, Erika Taylor, Janice Templeton, Cindy Winston, and Carol Wong. Data reported here come from grants to Jacquelynne S. Eccles and Arnold J. Sameroff from the MacArthur Network on Successful Adolescent Development in High Risk Settings (Chair: R. Jessor) and the National Institutes for Child Health and Human Development and to Jacquelynne S. Eccles from the W.T. Grant Foundation. MADICS Acknowledgements

  9. MADICS Religion Measures • Explicit • How often do you attend church or religious services? • Implicit (Open-ended questions, religious content NOT solicited) • Hopes: List four things about the kind of person you most hope to be at this time next year. • Wishes: What you would wish for, if you had three wishes? • Occupation: If you could have any job, what would it be at age 25?

  10. More than expected by chance Less than expected by chance Expected by chance Analysis • Chi square • Adjusted residuals +/- 1.96

  11. Explicit Measures • Do you have a religion? • How often do you attend church or religious services? • 3 groups • No religion • Low attendance – once/month or less • High attendance – once/week or more

  12. Religious Types 8th “Stability” 11th 66% (13.4) No religion N=106 No religion N=70 52% (9.0) Low Attend N=122 Low Attend N=63 High Attend N=397 81% (14.5) High Attend N=321

  13. Examples of Implicit Religious Identity Theme Responses • Hopes: to be saved, to serve God • Wishes: have everyone go to heaven, be more spiritual • Million Dollars:give money to church • Desired Occupation: minister

  14. No Religious Identity Patterns 93% (7.0) No N=638 No N=853 95% (5.2) 7% (-7.0) Yes N=50 5% (-5.2) Yes N=13 37% (5.1) Yes N=43 63% (-5.1) No N=22 7th 8th 11th No N=896

  15. Religious Identity Theme Patterns 70% (8.6) Yes N=24 Yes N=14 16% (5.2) 30% (-8.6) No N=6 84% (-5.2) No N=127 7th 8th 11th Yes N=151

  16. 8th Grade Religious Identity and Religious Service Attendance N=367 Adjusted Residuals

  17. High Attend No Relig Id N=422 Relig ID N=56 13% (4.9) Not Hi Att No Relig Id N=279 3% (-4.9) Relig ID N=7 Religious Identity Pathways 8th 11th

  18. Family Context Primary caregiver report • How important is religion in the day to day life of your family? • Low Importance (Not At All, A Little, Somewhat) • High Importance (Very)

  19. Youth and Family Context Patterns 72% (*12.1) Hi Imp/No ID N=283 12% (*2.0) Hi Imp/ID N=46 8th 11th Hi Imp No ID N=396

  20. Conclusions • Mixed methods approach • Person-centered approach • Variable-centered approach • Individual profiles - spirituality • Context profiles – family socialization factors such as parental religiosity, parent-youth affective relationship

  21. Thank you. For More Information: http://www.rcgd.isr.umich.edu/garp

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