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Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration. ATP Power . Adenosine triphosphate ATP powers almost all cell and body activities. Making ATP in the body. Cellular respiration : process of harvesting energy from sugars GOAL : Take electrons from sugars and use their energy to make ATP. Two steps :

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Cellular Respiration

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  1. Cellular Respiration

  2. ATP Power • Adenosine triphosphate • ATP powers almost all cell and body activities

  3. Making ATP in the body • Cellular respiration: process of harvesting energy from sugars • GOAL: Take electrons from sugars and use their energy to make ATP. • Two steps: • Glycolysis: anaerobic process that occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell • Aerobic respiration: aerobic process that occurs in the mitochondria of a cell; includes electron transport & Krebs Cycle

  4. High-energy electrons carried by NADH GLYCOLYSIS ELECTRONTRANSPORT CHAINAND CHEMIOSMOSIS KREBSCYCLE Glucose Pyruvicacid Cytoplasmicfluid Mitochondrion

  5. Glycolysis • Location: Cytoplasm • Major Reactants: • 1 Glucose molecule (C6H12O6) • 2 ATPs (for energy) • Products: • 4 ATPs (energy storing) – only a net yield of 2 ATPs • 2 Pyruvate (energy storing) • Continues to Krebs Cycle to get remaining energy out of the pyruvate molecules

  6. Krebs Cycle (Aerobic) • Location: Mitochondrial matrix • Pre-reaction: Pyruvate reacts with coenzyme A to form an intermediate compound, acetyl CoA. • Reactants: • Acetyl CoA • Major Products: • 6 CO2 molecules (waste product) • 8 NADHs (moves on to Electron transport chain to make more ATP) • 2FADH2 (moves on to Electron transport chain to make more ATP) • 2 ATPs

  7. Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis (Aerobic) • Location: Mitochondrial membrane • Reactants: • High energy electrons from glycolysis • NADH from Krebs cycle • FADH2 from Krebs cycle • O2 • Products: • Up to 32-34 ATPs • Water molecule

  8. Review – • 1 glucose molecule produces up to 38 ATP molecules Cytoplasmic fluid Mitochondrion Electron shuttleacrossmembranes KREBSCYCLE GLYCOLYSIS 2AcetylCoA KREBSCYCLE ELECTRONTRANSPORT CHAINAND CHEMIOSMOSIS 2Pyruvicacid Glucose by substrate-levelphosphorylation used for shuttling electronsfrom NADH made in glycolysis by substrate-levelphosphorylation by chemiosmoticphosphorylation Maximum per glucose:

  9. Anaerobic Respiration • AKA: Fermentation • If oxygen is not available, cells can use glycolysis alone to produce small amounts of ATP. • Two methods of fermentation: • Lactic acid fermentation: • Enzymes convert pyruvate into lactic acid. • Very little ATP is produced. • Skeletal muscles produce lactic acid when oxygen supply is low. Lactic acid builds up to make muscles sore. • Alcohol fermentation: • Occurs in yeast and bacteria • Converts pyruvate into ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide

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