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Expansion of Rome

Expansion of Rome. World History. Punic wars- Rome v. Carthage (N. Africa). Military. Rome had dominant army (land) Carthage had the dominant navy (sea). 1 st Punic War. Rome defeats Carthage’s navy ( how?)

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Expansion of Rome

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  1. Expansion of Rome World History

  2. Punic wars- Rome v. Carthage (N. Africa)

  3. Military • Rome had dominant army (land) • Carthage had the dominant navy (sea)

  4. 1st Punic War • Rome defeats Carthage’s navy (how?) • They used grappling hooks to connect ships; by connecting the ships, they turned naval battles into hand to hand combat

  5. 2nd Punic War • Led by the Carthaginian General, Hannibal • Strategy-40,000 soldiers and 40 elephants through the Alps mountains. (northern Italy) to attack Rome from the north • Cold climate and mountainous terrain (17,000 ft.) killed half the troops and most of the elephants • By the time Hannibal reaches Rome, his army is depleted (he still almost wins)

  6. 3rd Punic War • Purpose- This time Rome attacks, destroys, and burns all of Carthage to end any kind if future threat.

  7. II. Rome’s Empire

  8. Divided into provinces • Each province ruled by a proconsul(governor) • A proconsul was chosen by the Senate • Proconsul was usually a local of the conquered territory to make the conquered people satisfied

  9. 1st Triumvirates- Three consuls led three territories of Rome • 1st Triumvirates- General Gnaeus Pompey, Marcus Crassus, and Julius Caesar • Caesar expands his lands in the north west by defeating the Celts (N. France and Britain) • Caesar gets killed in Battle • Caesar commits treason against Pompey, defeats him, and declares himself dictator (now the senate is peed off)

  10. 5 Big Accomplishments of Julius Caesar • Gave jobs to unemployed • Gave public land to poor • Gave citizenship to conquered provinces • Conquered provinces got representation in Senate • Adopted Egypt's 365 ¼ day calendar *** In 44BC (on the ides of March), Caesar is assassinated by senators (led by friends Brutus and Cassius)

  11. 2nd Triumvirate • Octavian Caesar (Nephew), Marc Antony, and Marcus Lepidus • Octavian forces Lepidus out of power • Octavian uses threat of Antony’s marriage to Cleopatra to attack (they commit suicide) • Octavian becomes leader and changes name to Augustus • Pax Romana= Roman Peace 200 years

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