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Fish Diversity IV

Fish Diversity IV. Fish Taxa Diversity. Phylum Chordata Superclass Agnatha Class Pteraspidomorphi † Class Myxini (?) Class Cephalaspidomorphi Superclass Gnathostomata Class Placodermi † Class Chondrychthyes Class Acanthodii † Class Sarcopterygii Class Actinopterygii.

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Fish Diversity IV

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  1. Fish Diversity IV

  2. Fish Taxa Diversity • Phylum Chordata • Superclass Agnatha • Class Pteraspidomorphi† • Class Myxini (?) • Class Cephalaspidomorphi • Superclass Gnathostomata • Class Placodermi† • Class Chondrychthyes • Class Acanthodii† • Class Sarcopterygii • Class Actinopterygii

  3. Mobile premaxillae & other osteological characteristics

  4. Division TELEOSTEI • Synapomorphy: • Mobile premaxillae • urostyle and uroneurals present; • caudal fin usually homocercal

  5. Subdivision Osteoglossomorpha • Order Osteoglossiformes (6 fam.) • Most primitive teleosts • Freshwater • Tooth plate on tongue bites against roof of mouth, intestine lies left of stomach • Osteoglossidae (bony tongues) • Notopteridae (knifefishes) • Mormyridae (elephantfishes) • Gymnarchidae

  6. Subdivision Elopomorpha • Leptocephalus larva (long lived, no red blood cells) • Saltwater • Order Elopiformes (2 fam.) • Elopidae (ladyfishes) • Megalopidae (tarpons) • Order Albuliformes (3 fam.) • Albulidae (bonefishes) • Order Anguilliformes (15 fam.) • Anguillidae (freshwater eels) • Muraenidae (moray eels) • Ophyctidae (snake eels) • Order Saccopharyngiformes (4 fam.) • Snipe eels, Swallowers, Pelican eels

  7. CATADROMOUS Migration Leptocephalus larvae Glass eel Elver OCEAN RIVERS Eggs Reproduction Yellow eel Silver eel

  8. Subdivision Clupeomorpha • Order Clupeiformes (5 fam.) • Gas bladder that connects with the ear • Most abundant fishes in the world • Pelagic environment, schooling behavior • Marine (freshwater and anadromous) • Clupeidae (herring and sardines) • Engraulidae (anchovies) • Chirocentridae (Wolf herrings)

  9. Synapomorphy: • Presence of adipose fin Division TELEOSTEI Subdivision EUTELEOSTI

  10. Superorder Ostariophysi • Inner ear-gas bladder bone connection • Response to chemical alarm substances • Freshwater • Order Cypriniformes (5 fam.) • Cyprinidae (largest FW family-2000 spp.) minnows, shiners, carp, zebrafishes… • Catostomidae (suckers) • Order Characiformes (10 fam.) • Characidae (large tropical FW family) pirahnas, tetras, S. American darters… • Order Siluriformes (34 fam.) • Fusion skull bones, vomerine teeth, adipose fin, no scales, 1-4 pairs of barbels (CATFISH) • Ictaluridae, siluridae, Ariidae, Calychthydae…

  11. Superorder Protacanthopterygii • (still under revision) • Order Esociformes (2 fam.) • Esocidae (pike, pickerel) • Umbridae (mudminnows) • Order Osmeriformes (13 fam.) • Osmeridae (smelts) • Sarangidae (icefish)… • Order Salmoniformes (1 fam.) • Salmonidae (trout, salmon, char, grayling)

  12. TELEOSTEI EUTELEOSTI NEOTELEOSTS • Synapomorphy: • First vertebrae articulation to skull • Retractor dorsalis muscle • Muscular lift of pharyngeal jaws • Hinged tooth attachment

  13. Superorder Stenopterygii • Order Stomiiformes (4 fam.) • Deep sea (mesopelagic and bathypelagic environment) • 200-4000 m of depth • Long teeth, unique photophores • Gonostomatidae (bristlemouths) • Sternoptychidae (marine hatchetfishes) • Stomiidae (dragonfishes, viperfishes)

  14. Superorder Cyclosquamata • Order Aulopiformes (13 fam.) • Cycloid scales • Mainly pelagic and abyssal environments • Synodontidae (lizardfishes) • Giganturidae (telescopefishes) • Alepisauridae (lancetfishes) • ....

  15. Superorder Scopelomorpha • Order Myctophiformes (2 fam.) • Ctenoid scales, photophores • Missing first pharyngeal tooth plate • Commonly perform diel vertical migrations • Mesopelagic environment • Myctophidae (lanterfishes)

  16. TELEOSTEI EUTELEOSTI NEOTELEOSTS ACANTHOMORPHA • Synapomorphy: • True fin spines (Spiny Telesots) • Strengthening of vertebral accesories • No teeth on maxillae

  17. Superorder Lampridiomorpha • Order Lampridiformes (7 fam.) • Unique mandiblar protrusion mechanism • Marine pelagic environments • Lamprididae (opahs) • Radiicephalidae (ribbonfishes) • Regalecidae (oarfishes)

  18. Superorder Polymixiomorpha • Order Polymixiiformes (1 fam.) • (uncertain taxonomic status) • Large eyes and chin barbels • Marine environments • Medium depths (200-600m) • Polymixiidae (beardfishes)

  19. Superorder Paracanthopterygii • Marine benthic environments • Order Percopsiformes (3 fam.) • Amblyopsidae (cavefishes) • Order Ophidiiformes (5 fam.) • Carapidae (pearlfishes) • Ophidiidae (cusk eels) • Order Gadiformes (12 fam.) • Gadidae (cods) • Merluciidae (hakes) • Order Batrachoidiformes (1 fam.) • Batrachoididae (toadfishes and midshipmen) • Order Lophiiformes (16 fam.) • Lophiidae (monkfishes) • Antennariidae (frogfishes).....

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