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Understanding Geologic Time: Relative and Absolute Dating Methods

Discover the principles of determining relative age, including original horizontality and superposition. Learn how to establish numerical dates for geological features and understand the concepts of unconformities, cross-cutting features, and inclusions. Dive into the puzzle of unraveling the geologic timeline and practice activities related to absolute dating methods.

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Understanding Geologic Time: Relative and Absolute Dating Methods

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  1. GEOLOGIC TIME (AGE) • RELATIVE • Comparison of Features relative to one another • ABSOLUTE • Establish or determine numerical dates for Features

  2. LAWS (PRINCIPALS) OF DETERMINING RELATIVE AGE • ORIGINAL HORIZONTALITY • LATERAL CONTINUITY • SUPERPOSITION • UNCONFORMITIES (WITH 3 ABOVE) • INCLUSIONS • Erosional (“float”) • Igneous Intrusions • CROSS-CUTTING FEATURES • Faults • Unconformities • Igneous Intrusions

  3. UNCONFORMITIES

  4. D C B A ORIGINAL HORIZONTALITY & SUPERPOSITION

  5. C B A ORIGINAL HORIZONTALITY, SUPERPOSITION & INCLUSIONS

  6. F E D C B A ORIGINAL HORIZONTALITY, SUPERPOSITION, UNCONFORMITIES, & INCLUSIONS

  7. H G F E D C B A ORIGINAL HORIZONTALITY, SUPERPOSITION, UNCONFORMITIES, CROSS-CUTTING FEATURES, & INCLUSIONS

  8. C B A CROSS-CUTTING FEATURES

  9. F E D C B A ORIGINAL HORIZONTALITY, SUPERPOSITION, UNCONFORMITIES, CROSS-CUTTING FEATURES, & INCLUSIONS

  10. F E D C B A ORIGINAL HORIZONTALITY, SUPERPOSITION, UNCONFORMITIES, CROSS-CUTTING FEATURES, & INCLUSIONS

  11. PUZZLE: • Look at overall picture and see where the oldest units are. • Work your way “upward” from oldest to youngest looking at the relational features using the “principals”

  12. Carbon-14; Half-life = 5,730 Years; 12.5% of C-14 Left. # Half-lifes? Age? 3 Half-lives: 3 x 5,730 years = 17,190 years

  13. PAGE 223

  14. ACTIVITIES • 8.2: A, B • 8.4: A, B, C, D(1), E • 8.5: A

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