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  1. DISCLAIMER The purpose of the following material is to promote the awareness of risk management concepts and to highlight USDA’s risk management products, features, benefits and availability. This material does not change the content or the meaning of current policy provisions, filed actuarial documents or approved procedures.

  2. Today’s Objectives Sources of Production Risk when Alternative Actions/Plans are Taken Various Production Risks Management Strategies Specific Focus: Crop Insurance Programs

  3. Review and Answer the ‘Questions to Consider’ Blocks at the end of each section.

  4. Sources of Production Risk Technology & Crop Production Practices Sustainable Agriculture Elements of Sustainability Integrated Pest Management Soil & Water Conservation Field/Landscape Diversity Seed Selection Precision Agriculture Biotechnology Organically Grown Crops

  5. Sources of Production Risk • Enterprise Diversification • Capital Investments • Irrigation • Drainage • Machinery • Landlord / Tenant Relationship • Contract Production

  6. CROP INSURANCE USDA subsidized insurance programs provide farm producers and owners various methods to lower production yield and revenue risks. Production Risk Strategy Programs

  7. USDA's RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS/PRODUCTS

  8. IDAHO Apples, Barley, Canola, Corn, Dry Beans, Dry Peas, Grapes, Green Peas, Nursery, Oats, Onions, Potatoes, Safflower, Sugar Beets, Processing Beans, Processing Sweet Corn and Wheat (Program availability varies by county and is subject to change) Insurance Availability by State

  9. OREGON Apples, Barley, Cabbage, Canola, Cherries, Corn, Cranberries, Dry Beans, Dry Peas, Forage, Grapes, Green Peas, Nursery, Oats, Onions, Pears, Potatoes, Sugar Beets, Processing Beans, Processing Sweet Corn and Wheat (Program availability varies by county and is subject to change) Insurance Availability by State

  10. WASHINGTON Apples, Barley, Cabbage, Canola, Cherries, Corn, Cranberries, Dry Beans, Dry Peas, Grapes, Green Peas, Mint, Nursery, Oats, Onions, Pears, Potatoes, Sugar Beets, Processing Beans, Processing Sweet Corn and Wheat (Program availability varies by county and is subject to change) Insurance Availability by State

  11. YIELD / PRODUCTION RISK CROP INSURANCE COVERAGE PROGRAMS

  12. Yield Guarantee Units Contract Changes Reporting of Insured Acreage Reporting Crop Damage Reporting of Production Records Multi-Peril Crop Insurance (MPCI)

  13. Actual Production History (APH) is a simple average of 4-10 years of actual yields, based on a producer’s records. If a producer does not have records for four (4) years: A transition yield is used to complete the four (4) year minimum base. ‘T’ yields are based on a county’s average yield determined by USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS). Proving Yields

  14. When using ‘T’ yields, a significant loss would have to occur before an indemnity would be paid. The Reason to Prove Yields

  15. YEAR YIELDYIELD 90 No records No records 91 No records No records 92 No records No records 93 No records 80 Bu. Actual Yld 94 No records 72 Bu. Actual Yld 95 48 Bu. T Yld 81 Bu. Actual Yld 96 48 Bu. T Yld 76 Bu. Actual Yld 97 48 Bu. T Yld 78 Bu. Actual Yld 98 80 Bu. Actual Yld 80 Bu. Actual Yld 224 Total Bu. Divided by 4 years = 56 Bu. 467 Total Bu. Divided by 6 years = 78 Bu. Providing Production Evidence

  16. Assume: 80 BU Average Wheat Yield 60 BU 'T' Yield 3.30 Expected Market Price (MPCI PE)Yields Not Provided/Certified: 65% 'T' = 39 BU75% LEVEL: 75% X 39 BU = 29 BU 29 BU X $3.30 = $96.53/acYields Provided/Certified:75% LEVEL: 75 % X 80 BU = 60 BU 60 BU X $3.30 = $198/acProving Your Yields PAYS DIVIDENDS !! Benefits of Actual/Certified Yields

  17. COVERAGE LEVEL & PRICES Coverage Options - Choice of variable percentages of the APH, from 50% up to 75%, in 5% increments (85% for Wheat and IP Barley in some areas). Price Elections - Price at which you are compensated in the event of a loss. Choice of 60 to 100% of the expected market price or market price election. Multi-Peril Crop Insurance (MPCI)

  18. CATASTROPHIC CROP INSURANCE (CAT) CAT Coverage is available at the 50% coverage level and 55% maximum price election (this is a change from previous year’s 60%). Multi-Peril Crop Insurance (MPCI)

  19. Insurance Coverage Endorsements Wheat Insurance Policy Endorsements Winter Wheat Option A Winter Wheat Option B Malting Barley Price and Quality Endorsements Option A Option B Multi-Peril Crop Insurance (MPCI)

  20. Group Risk Plan (GRP) Named-Peril Protection Program (Hail, Fire, Flood) Non-Insured Assistance Program (NAP) Additional Production Risk Tools

  21. YIELD / PRODUCTION and REVENUE RISK CROP INSURANCE COVERAGE PROGRAMS

  22. Enterprise Unit (County) CAT is Available Projected / Harvest Price derived from Portland Grain Exchange Late Planting/Replant Payment IP Barley with Malt Barley Option (Price derived from Corn Futures) INCOME PROTECTION (IP)

  23. IP protects against reductions in gross income when yields or prices fall. INCOME PROTECTION (IP)

  24. Guarantees a stated amount of revenue - final guarantee. Covers revenue losses due to low price, low yield, or any combination of the two. Crop Revenue Coverage (CRC)

  25. Basic / Optional / Enterprise Enterprise - Premium Discount CAT Not Available Base / Harvest Price derived from Portland Grain Exchange Late Planting/Replant Payment Winter Coverage Endorsement Replacement Coverage Level Crop Revenue Coverage (CRC)

  26. Side-by-Side WHEAT Insurance Program Comparisons: MPCI Income Protection Crop Revenue Coverage CROP INSURANCE COMPARISON CHART

  27. Catastrophic Coverage - $60, per crop, per county Limited Coverage - $50 per crop, per county, not to exceed $200/county, $600 total Additional Coverage - $20 per crop **Small-Limited Resource Farmer Fee Waiver is Available on Some Programs / Coverage Levels ADMINISTRATIVE FEES

  28. Crop Insurance Premium Calculation & Loss Indemnity Scenarios & Examples Pacific Northwest Wheat Crop

  29. Eastern Washington Wheat Farm Multi-Peril Crop Insurance (MPCI) Calculation

  30. APH Yield is 62 Bushel = 46.5 Bushel/Acre Guarantee Price Election is $3.30 $153.45 Insurance Coverage per Acre $4.33 Producer’s Premium Per Acre MPCI Premium Calculation Assume: MPCI Insurance Policy - Non-Irrigated Winter Wheat - WITHOUT Winter Wheat Option - Basic Unit Discount - 75 % Coverage Level

  31. APH Yield is 62 Bushel = 46.5 Bushel/Acre Guarantee Price Election is $3.30 $153.45 Insurance Coverage per Acre + Winter Damage Coverage $7.08 Producer’s Premium Per Acre MPCI Premium Calculation Assume: MPCI Insurance Policy - Non-Irrigated Winter Wheat - WITH Winter Wheat Option B Basic Unit Discount - 75%Coverage Level

  32. Assume: All Acres Harvested/Winter Wheat - Endorsement Not Exercised MPCI Indemnity • 62 Bu APH X 75% Coverage Level = 46.5 Bu/Acre Guarantee • 46.5 Bu Guarantee - 35 Bu Production Harvested = 11.5 Bu Loss/Acre • 11.5 Bu Loss X $3.30 Price Election = $37.95 Indemnity/Acre

  33. Eastern Washington Wheat Farm Crop Revenue Coverage (CRC) Insurance Calculation

  34. Assume: Crop Revenue Protection Insurance Policy - Non-Irrigated Winter Wheat -WITHOUT Winter Wheat Option A or B - Basic Unit Discount - 75% Coverage Level Crop Revenue Coverage (CRC) Insurance Calculation • APH Yield is 62 Bushel = 46.5 Bushel/Acre Guarantee • Base Price is $3.40 • $158.10 Insurance Coverage per Acre • $8.35 Producer’s Premium Per Acre

  35. Assume: Crop Revenue Protection Insurance Policy - Non-Irrigated Winter Wheat -WITH Winter Wheat Option B - Basic Unit Discount 75% Coverage Level Crop Revenue Coverage Insurance Premium Calculation • APH Yield is 62 Bushel = 46.5 • Bushel/Acre Guarantee • Base Price is $3.40 • $158.10 Insurance Coverage per Acre + Winter • Damage Coverage • $13.63 Producer’s Premium Per Acre

  36. Assume: All Acres Harvested - Winter Wheat - Endorsement Not Exercised -Harvest Price Lower than Base Price (With a Production Loss) Crop Revenue Coverage Insurance Indemnity • Revenue Guarantee: Approved APH yield of 62 Bu/Acre X 75% Coverage Level X the higher of Base Price or Harvest Price is $3.40 Base Price = $158.10/Acre Guarantee • Value of Production (Harvested) 35 Bu/Acre X $3.00 Harvest Price = $105/Acre Income • Loss Payment: $158.10 Guarantee - $105/Acre Income = $53.10 Acre Indemnity

  37. Assume: Harvest Price Higher than Base Price (With a Production Loss) Crop Revenue Coverage Insurance Indemnity • Revenue Guarantee: Approved APH yield of 62 Bu/Acre X 75% Coverage Level X the higher of Base Price or Harvest Price of $3.70 Harvest Price = $172.05/Acre Guarantee • Value of Production (Harvested) 35 Bu/Acre X $3.70 Harvest Price = $129.50/Acre Income • Loss Payment: $172.05 Guarantee - $129.50/Acre Income = $42.55 Acre Indemnity

  38. Eastern Washington Wheat Farm Income Protection (IP) Crop Insurance Calculation

  39. Assume: Income Protection Insurance Policy - Non- Irrigated Winter Wheat WITHOUT Winter Wheat -Not Available under IP Basic Unit Discount 75 Percent Coverage Level Income Protection Crop Insurance Premium Calculation • APH Yield is 62 Bushel = 46.5 Bushel/Acre • Guarantee • Projected Winter Wheat Price is $3.40 • $158.10 Insurance Coverage per Acre • $4.83 Producer’s Premium Per Acre

  40. Value of Production (Harvested) 35 Bu/Acre X $3.00 Harvest Price = $105/Acre Income Loss Payment: $158.10 Guarantee - $105/Acre Income = $53.10 Acre Indemnity Income Protection Crop Insurance Indemnity Assume: Harvest Price Lower than Projected Price (With a Production Loss) Dollar Guarantee: 62 Bu/Acre X 75% Coverage Level X $3.40 Projected Price = $158.10/Acre Guarantee

  41. Value of Production (Harvested) 35 Bu/Acre X $3.70 Harvest Price = $129.50/Acre Income Loss Payment: $158.10 Guarantee - $129.50/Acre Income = $28.60 Acre Indemnity Income Protection Crop Insurance Indemnity Assume: Harvest Price Higher than Projected Price (With a Production Loss) Dollar Guarantee: 62 Bu/Acre X 75% Coverage Level X $3.40 Projected Price = $158.10/Acre Guarantee

  42. Risk Management List of National Crop Insurance Companies Web sites Definitions Program FACT Sheets State & County Data Tables Skill Quiz Reference Materials

  43. Pilot Program AGR insurance plan is a non- traditional, whole farm risk management tool which uses a producer’s historic Schedule F tax form information as a base to provide a level of guaranteed revenue for the insurance period. Adjusted Gross Revenue (AGR)

  44. Educational Program DOPP is an risk management education program designed to give dairy producers an opportunity to learn how futures and options markets work and, at the same time, give dairy producers first-hand experience in buying option contracts to insure a minimum price for their milk. Dairy Options Pilot Program (DOPP)

  45. . . .Take Steps Toward Managing Your Production Risks to Protect Agricultural Business! ! ! PLAN AHEAD . . .

  46. Pacific Northwest Risk Management Education Project • Managing Production Risks Developed by: • USDA / Risk Management Agency • Spokane Regional Office • 112 North University, # 205 • Spokane, Washington 99206 • (509)353-2147 • (509)353-3149 FAX • Web Site: www.usda.gov.rma/rme

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