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WESTERN CITIES ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY ACTION FORUM URUMQUI, PRC Jul 12-13, 2006

This forum discusses the policy and legislation of environmental protection in Italy, with a focus on air pollution prevention, monitoring, and emissions reduction. Topics include ambient air legislation, strategic environmental evaluation, and environmental impact assessment.

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WESTERN CITIES ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY ACTION FORUM URUMQUI, PRC Jul 12-13, 2006

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  1. WESTERN CITIES ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY ACTION FORUM URUMQUI, PRC Jul 12-13, 2006 POLICY AND LEGISLATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN ITALY Ivo ALLEGRINI CNR-Institute for Atmospheric Pollution Monterotondo S. (Rome), ITALY

  2. AMBIENT AIR LEGISLATION IN ITALY PREVENTION MONITORING ACTION • EMISSIONS • AMBIENT AIR

  3. Fifth Part Air protection and Emission reduction directives AMBIENT AIR LEGISLATION IN ITALYPREVENTIONINDUSTRIAL PLANTS DL. 152, April 3rd 2006 • All civil and industrial plants and their activities that cause emissions are included in the directives. • Are excluded all plants under D. Lgs. 133/05 implementation of the Directive 2000/76/CE concerning waste incineration • All plants under Integrated Pollution Prevention and Controlhave just one authorization from IPPC that replace the previous one

  4. The Strategic Environmental Evaluation requires environmental effects to be taken into account in the development of certain action plan such policy, programs, planes or national regional and local program initiatives.. SEA Title II AMBIENT AIR LEGISLATION IN ITALYPREVENTION Environmental Impact Assessment describes and evaluates all direct and indirect effects of a project and of its main options, including option zero, on humans, fauna, flora, ground, superficial and underground water, air, climate, landscape and on their interaction, as well as on material goods and cultural, social and environmental heritage. Furthermore, it evaluates the conditions for the project and plant implementation and their operating phase. EIA Title III The integrated approach means that the permits must take into account the whole environmental performance of the plant*, ensuring a high level of protection of the environment itself. This approach advices both the designed authorities to coordinate their actions on industrial plant authorization and the plants to control emissions in the environment taken as a whole and no more as three different parts (water, air and ground) IPPC Title III, art. 34

  5. Part II: Polluting substances limit values; Part III: Polluting substances limit values related to some specific plants and relative prescriptions; Part IV: Limit value and prescriptions for refineries, hydrocarbons extractions and geothermal plants Annex I AMBIENT AIR LEGISLATION IN ITALYPREVENTING EMISSIONS For Large Combustion Plants are fixed emission limit values, monitoring methodologies and emission control and some principles to verify the limit valueconformity (Adoption of the Directive 2001/80/CE) Annex II Concerning the Volatile Organic Compounds emissions: the emission limit values, monitoring methodologies and emission control, criteria to verify limit value conformity and solvent management plan design are fixed Annex III Annex VI Establish criteria to evaluate the conformity of measures and limit values

  6. Reduction of Industrial Emissions is largely a consequence of: • Shifting of economy from primary production • Relocation of plants • Improvement of abatement technologies AMBIENT AIR LEGISLATION IN ITALYPREVENTING EMISSIONS

  7. AMBIENT AIR – Ministerial Decrees

  8. Directive 96/62 • Sets limits and quality objectives with the aim to prevent, reduce or avoid unwanted effects for human health and the environment • Evaluate air quality according to common criteria and methods • Make the information on air quality available to the general puiblic • Maintain air quality, if good enough, or improve it

  9. Directive 96/62DL351/99 The responsibility for the implementation of Directive 96/62 is with the Regional Governments

  10. 1° and 2nd Daughter DirectiveDM 2 April 2002 n. 60(I) • “Implementation of Directives 1999/30/CE and 2000/69/CE for • SO2 • NO2, NOx • Particulate matter, • Lead • Benzene • CO • Concetration limits, alarm limits • Air Quality Monitoring criteria • Information to public • Data reporting and format

  11. 1° and 2nd Daughter DirectiveDM 2 April 2002 n. 60(II) • The Decree also includes • Number of fixed stations required for monitoring • Location Criteria • Other information on air quality • Reference measurement methods (ISO standard methods) • Operative procedure for Particulate matter equivalence test

  12. 3rd Daughter Directive (Ozone)DL 21 May 2004 n. 183 • Implementation of Directive 2002/3/CE Ozone in Air nell’aria • Target Values, Long term objectives, information tresholds, alarm treshold • Monitoring criteria • Information to public • Cooperation with other Member States for the reduction of Ozone levels

  13. DM 1st October 2002 n. 261(Preliminary assessment, Plans and programs) • “Technical specifications for preliminary assessment and criteria for palns and programs to control emissions • Preliminary assessment of air quality and design of monitoring network • Data and information to be provided with plans and programs

  14. DM 20/9/2002(QA&QC procedures) • Identify technical bodies responsible for the Quality Assurance/ Quality Control of monitoring networks: • Instruments certification and approval • Primary and secondary standards • Reference laboratories • Training • Cooperation with central EU technical bodies

  15. AMBIENT AIR LEGISLATION IN ITALYHOW TO IMPROVE OBSERVATIONS • Preliminary Assessment • Spatial Distribution of Pollutants • Design of the Monitoring network • Complementing AQMS data

  16. ? CNR-IIA’s PROJECTS IN CHINA ? • AIR QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM: SUZHOU (2002-2006) • INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEM –TRAFFIC AIR POLLUTION : BEIJING (2004) • LABORATORY AND OLYMPIC VILLAGE MONITORING: BEIJING (2004-2008) • AIR QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM-GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION INVENTORY: LANZHOU (2004-2007) • AIR POLLUTION EMISSION MONITORING : SHANGHAI (2005-2007) • AIR QUALITY MONITORING IMPROVEMENT: URUMCHI (2006)

  17. Measurement campaigns The Analyst sampler... • Conventional • Nitrogen Oxides NOx (NO and NO2), • Sulphur Dioxide SO2, • Ammonia NH3, • Ozone O3, • BTX (benzene, toluene, xylene) • New: • H2S, • Formaldheyde • VOC • Particulate matter

  18. Pollution mapping

  19. Pollution mapping

  20. PRELIMINARY EMISSION SOURCE ASSESSMENT Statistical evaluation of emission source contribution upon air pollutant concentrations

  21. Same ratio in winter and summer Most of NOx is due to NO2  the site is far from primary emission sources Most of NOx is due to NOclose to primary emissions Representativeness : e.g.:NO2/NOx and traffic

  22. Network Macrodesign Spatial distribution trend Identification of zones where primary emissions (e.g. traffic NO) are higher C/Bind site selection.

  23. OPTIMIZATION OF EXISTING AQMS • Integration of existing instruments for Air Quality Monitoring with new apparatuses both conventional and non conventional; • Relocation of existing monitoring stations; • Setting up new stations where needed; • Monitoring new pollutants; • Implementation of the reference monitoring station; • Optimisation of QA/QC procedures with a properly equipped mobile unit; • Technical training of the personnel.

  24. POLLUTANTS MONITORED IN SUZHOU

  25. POLLUTANTS MONITORED IN SUZHOU STATION TYPE A – Urban Background B – Exposition oriented (Residential) C – Traffic Oriented D – Regional Background

  26. Lesson learned: Legislation in Italy is oriented to plans and program to reduce exposition, thus detailed information on spatial and temporal evolution of pollutants are required. When those information are available, reduction plans very often achieve the target. Why very often? AMBIENT AIR LEGISLATION IN ITALY

  27. AMBIENT AIR LEGISLATION IN ITALY The driving force of atmospheric pollution is the meteorological conditions, especially atmospheric stability. In Italy, as well as in many locations in China, atmospheric stability plays an important role that is negligible in Northern European Countries. Thus, in locations where atmospheric stability is dominant, much efforts must be placed to achieve a sufficiently good Air quality. This may turn into non sustainable economic costs

  28. AMBIENT AIR LEGISLATION IN ITALY THE CHALLENGE • How far can we reduce the PM (and NO2) levels? • How important are the natural sources? • How significant is the LRTAP in the area? • Do we know with a sufficient degree of accuracy the main features of local pollution ? • How traffic limitations may affect AQ?

  29. Shall we win the challenge in Italy and in China? We are not sure, but we are trying very hard THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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