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Chapter 19

Chapter 19. Nickel and Cobalt. Nickel Manufacturing • Nickel Alloys • Nickel Alloy Fabrication • Nickel Alloy Properties • Cobalt. The largest application of primary nickel products is the manufacturing process of stainless steels. Specific nickel alloys are precipitation hardenable.

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Chapter 19

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  1. Chapter 19 Nickel and Cobalt Nickel Manufacturing • Nickel Alloys • Nickel Alloy Fabrication • Nickel Alloy Properties • Cobalt

  2. The largest application of primary nickel products is the manufacturing process of stainless steels.

  3. Specific nickel alloys are precipitation hardenable.

  4. High-nickel alloys are essentially pure nickel.

  5. Nickel-copper alloys may be solution-hardening, precipitation-hardening, or free-machining alloys.

  6. An alloy containing 36% Ni, with the balance of the content being iron, has the lowest coefficient of expansion of any metal.

  7. Nickel exhibits 20% solubility for molybdenum at ambient temperature, rising to almost 40% at the eutectic temperature.

  8. Above approximately 35% Cr on the nickel-chromium phase diagram, the microstructure of the nickel-chromium alloys becomes two phase.

  9. The nickel-iron-chromium phase diagram has a wide gamma solid solution phase field close to the iron side of the diagram, which is the basis for many important heat-resistant alloys.

  10. Iron-base superalloys are an extension of austenitic stainless steel technology and are suitable for use up to approximately 760°C (1400°F).

  11. Nickel and cobalt superalloys consist of many wrought and cast alloys that are suitable for services up to temperatures of 1095°C (2000°F).

  12. An isothermal section through the nickel-chromium-aluminum phase diagram shows the appearance of the precipitation-hardening gamma prime compound at approximately 5% Al.

  13. Cobalt-base superalloys are strengthened by a combination of carbides and solid solution hardeners.

  14. Most forging operations for nickel alloys are performed in the range 870°C to 1095°C (1600°F to 2000°F).

  15. Stellitesare primarily used for wear resistance, but they also possess useful high-temperature strength.

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