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Class5: Computer Hardware

Class5: Computer Hardware. Outline. Electronic Data (bit, byte, larger sizes) Central Processing Unit (CPU) Main Memory (Primary Storage) Secondary Storage Computer Speed Input & Output Devices Moore's Law. Electronic Data.

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Class5: Computer Hardware

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  1. Class5: Computer Hardware Information Systems for Management

  2. Outline • Electronic Data (bit, byte, larger sizes) • Central Processing Unit (CPU) • Main Memory (Primary Storage) • Secondary Storage • Computer Speed • Input & Output Devices • Moore's Law Information Systems for Management

  3. Electronic Data • Bit – electrical charge exists (meaning 1) or it does not (0) • Byte: String of bits (usually 8), representing one character (letter, number) • 1 Kilo Byte (KB) = 1000 Bytes • 1 Mega Byte (MB) = 1,000,000 Bytes • 1 Giga Byte (GB) = 1,000,000,000 Bytes • 1 Terra Byte = 1012 Bytes Information Systems for Management

  4. Central Processing Unit • CPU or processor is the key part of computer Internal communications Also important as support to CPU Information Systems for Management

  5. The CPU and Memory • Central Processing Unit (Processor): • Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) • Control unit • Computer clock* • Main Memory (Storage), 2 parts: • ROM (permanent) – programmed by manufacturer • RAM (changeable) – memory used for your programs and operating system; • PCs today – RAM size in Giga Bytes Information Systems for Management

  6. Computer Speed • A CPU placed on a single miniature chip; basis of PC (personal computer) • Speed and performance factors • Speed of Computer Clock • Number of bits the computer can process at one time (Word length) • Number of bits that can be moved at one time between the CPU, primary storage & other devices (Data Bus width) Information Systems for Management

  7. Computer Speed - Examples Speed increase MHz = millions of Hertz (measure of speed) GHz = billions of Hertz Information Systems for Management

  8. Secondary Storage (Memory) • Long-term, non-changeable • Magnetic: • Hard disk • Flash drive • other (floppy disk, tape) • Optical: • CD-ROM (readable or readable and writeable - CD-R/CD-RW) • DVD (same as CD-ROM, takes more data) • Secondary storage tech. keep developing and getting cheaper Information Systems for Management

  9. Input Devices • Keyboard • Mouse • Touch screen • Readers/Scanners (Bar code reader; Magnetic Ink Recognition) • Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Receiver* • Voice recognition Information Systems for Management

  10. Output Devices • Monitor • Printer • Non impact (laser, inkjet; photo printer) • Impact (dot matrix) • Plotter • Voice output (voice synthesizer) Plotter Information Systems for Management

  11. Moore’s “Law” * • Moore’s Law: In intervals of 2 years, the capacity of computer memory, processing speed, the density of components double.** • Gordon Moore, co-founder of Intel, mote this regularity in mid-1960s. • Moore’s “Law” still valid. Important for hardware purchasing. Information Systems for Management

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