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Psychology in Action (8e)

Psychology in Action (8e). PowerPoint  Lecture Notes Presentation Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception. Lecture Overview. Introduction to Sensation & Perception Understanding Sensation How We See and Hear Our Other Senses Understanding Perception.

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Psychology in Action (8e)

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  1. Psychology in Action (8e) PowerPoint  Lecture Notes Presentation Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception

  2. Lecture Overview • Introduction to Sensation & Perception • Understanding Sensation • How We See and Hear • Our Other Senses • Understanding Perception

  3. Introduction to Sensation and Perception • Sensation (process of receiving, converting, and transmitting raw sensory information from the external and internal environments to the brain) • Perception (process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensory information)

  4. When you stare at the cube on the left, which area is the top, bottom, or back? In the figure on the right, is this a young woman looking to the right, or an older woman with her chin buried in her jacket? Sensation Versus Perception

  5. Sensation Vs. Perception

  6. Processing (sensory organs contain receptors that receive sensory information from the environment) Understanding Sensation: Processing

  7. Understanding Sensation: Processing Three Types of Processing: • Transduction converts the sensory stimuli into neural impulses that are sent on to the brain. • Sensory reduction filters and analyzes incoming sensations before sending on to the brain. • Coding converts particular sensory input into a specific sensation sent to parts of the brain.

  8. Understanding Sensation: Thresholds • Psychophysics: Testing limits and changes • Absolute Threshold: smallest amount of a stimulus we can detect • Difference Threshold: minimal difference needed to detect a a stimulus change; also called the just noticeable difference (JND)

  9. Understanding Sensation: Thresholds • Sensory Adaptation: decreased sensory response to continuous stimulation

  10. How We Hear: Anatomy of the Ear • Receptors for hearing are hair cells located in the cochlea.

  11. Our Other Senses • Our sense of smell is called olfaction. • Receptors for smell are embedded in a nasal membrane, the olfactory epithelium.

  12. Three Body Senses (Continued) • Kinesthesia provides the brain with information about bodily posture and bodily movement. Kinesthetic receptors are found throughout the muscles, joints, and tendons of the body.

  13. Understanding Perception • Illusions:false or misleading perceptions help scientists study the processes of perception (e.g., the horizontal-vertical illusion)

  14. Understanding Perception: The Muller-Lyer Illusion Which vertical line is longer?

  15. Understanding Perception Do You See the Cow?

  16. Understanding Perception Now Can You See the Cow?

  17. Problems with Believing in Subliminal Perception and ESP • Extrasensory perception (ESP): supposed ability to perceive things that go beyond the five normal senses • ESP research is criticized due to lack of experimental control and replicability.

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