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World War II

Explore the American entrance into World War II, with a focus on the rise of fascism in Europe, the failure of appeasement, Pearl Harbor attack, and the shift from isolationism to interventionism. Learn about key events such as the Enabling Act in Germany, the Neutrality Act of 1935, and the Lend-Lease policy.

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World War II

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  1. World War II American entrance

  2. Pretext • Rise of Fascism in Europe • Hitler, Mussolini, Stalin, Franco all rise amid economic and political strife • 1933: Enabling Act in Germany gives Hitler unprecedented power • Japanese Imperialism

  3. Good Neighbor Policy • United States voluntarily renounced use of military force in Latin America

  4. Isolationism • America and congress accepted economic intervention • Did not want to get involved in political entanglements • Disillusionment from WWI • Some believed that the US was forced in WWI by “war profiteers”

  5. Neutrality Act of 1935 • Embargo on arms trading with countries at war • 1936 banned loans to belligerent nations (those in conflict) • 1937 “cash and carry” provision: If a nation wanted to purchase non-military goods from the US, it had to pay in cash and ship with own ships.

  6. Opposition • Some wanted intervention against Fascist rise in Europe • 1935-1938: Communist party in US membership peaked at 100,000 • Abraham Lincoln Brigade: 3,200 military volunteers fight against Franco in Spain

  7. Failure of Appeasement • Encouraged by Allied failures to intervene vs. Spain, Hitler becomes more bold • 1938: Sends troops to annex Austria • 1939 Non-aggression pact between Russia and Germany • 1939: Invasion of Poland

  8. Retreat from Isolationism • 2 days after the war started, the US declared neutrality • Roosevelt made no secret of his sympathies to the Allies • 84% of Americans in 1939 supported Britain and France

  9. “Sitzkrieg” • After the attack/taking of Poland, there was a pause (September 1939 to April 1940) • Then, Denmark, Netherlands, Belgium, Norway, Luxembourg fall quickly • June 22 1940: France falls • Britain stands alone

  10. 1939 Congress changes neutrality laws to allow Allies to buy arms on cash-and-carry basis • Conservatives form America First Committee (including Lindbergh)

  11. Roosevelt Prepares for War • Ships for Bases trade with Britain • Large increase in defense spending approved by congress • Roosevelt Reelected in 1940

  12. Lend-Lease • Authorized President to “lend, lease, or otherwise dispose of” arms and other equipment to any country whose defense was considered vital to the security of the United States

  13. The Four Freedoms Speech: Delivered before Congress January 6, 1941 *from Fear *from Want *of Speech *to Worship

  14. The Four Freedoms: from FEAR World War II Poster by Norman Rockwell

  15. The Four Freedoms: from WANT World War II Poster by Norman Rockwell

  16. The Four Freedoms: of SPEECH World War II Poster by Norman Rockwell

  17. The Four Freedoms: to WORSHIP World War II Poster by Norman Rockwell

  18. This was the “unofficial” entrance of the US into the war • Atlantic Charter: Meeting with Churchill to outline foundation for western cause • Economic collaboration • Stability after the war • National self determination • Collective security

  19. Pearl Harbor Attack 2,403 Servicemen Killed December 7, 1941

  20. FDR Declares War December 8, 1941

  21. Washington Conference Dec. 22, 1941 to Jan. 14, 1942 FDR & Churchill adopt a policy of “Europe First” that considers Germany the greater danger than Japan.

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