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Greek Forms of Government and the Persian Wars

Learn about Greece's forms of government: Monarchy, Tyranny, Oligarchy, Democracy. Explore the historic battles of the Persian Wars, including Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis, and Plataea. Discover how the Greeks triumphed over the Persian Empire and the decline of Persia. This text provides insights into ancient governance and military conflicts that shaped history.

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Greek Forms of Government and the Persian Wars

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  1. This type of government is characterized by the rule of a small number of people. How the people are chosen varies from place to place: Some have it based on family ties, while others use wealth or military position as a determining factor. In history many Greek city-states, including Sparta, used this form of governing. • What type of government is being described in the above quote? 6.48 • Monarchy C. Tyranny • Oligarchy D. Democracy

  2. Page 251

  3. The Persian Wars Persians clashed with the Greeks Greeks in Anatolia revolted against Persia Athenians sent warships to help rebels Persians crushed the uprising- major victory King Darius decided to punish the Greeks

  4. How Did the Greeks Win at Marathon? • Darius sent a fleet of 600 ships and army to invade Greece • Persians landed at Marathon • Persians waited for the Greeks to fight • Athenians had only 10,000 troops compared to the Persian’s 20,000 soldiers

  5. Persians sailed to Athens to attack by sea • Persians loaded their ships with cavalry • As soon as the Persians had their horsemen on their ships, Athenians charged down the hills • Athenians caught the Persians foot soldiers standing in the water • Persians suffered a terrible defeat

  6. Marathon • A messenger ran 25 miles from Marathon to Athens with news of the victory • When he reached Athens he cried “Victory” = NIKE • Then collapsed and died from exhaustion • Today’s marathon races are named for him and are just over 26 miles • HH Battle of Marathon

  7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cAacE5ukzrs

  8. Land and Sea Battles • Persians vowed revenge • Xerxes of Persia invaded Greece with 200,000 troops and thousands of warships • The Greek city-states banded together to fight the Persians

  9. Battle of Thermopylaehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gI6sARmxEuc

  10. Battle of Thermopylae- 480 BCE • King Leonidas of Sparta supplied soldiers • Themistocles of Athensdirected Greek naval forces • Themistocles wanted to attack the Persian’s ships and cut off the army’s supplies • To do this, King Leonidas of Sparta had to stop the Persian army from reaching Athens

  11. Battle of Thermopylae • King Leonidas led 7,000 soldiers into a battle that lasted for three days • A traitor showed the Persians a trail leading behind the Greeks • Realizing he would soon be surrounded, Leonidas dismissed most of the troops • Leonidas and 300 Spartans remained a fought to the death

  12. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OgFK5PJSLUo

  13. Salamis • The Spartan’s heroic stand gave Themistocles time to attack Persia’s ships • Athenian fleet lured the Persian fleet into the strait of Salamis near Athens • Athenian ships were smaller and faster • Most of the Persian fleet was destroyed • Persian foot soldiers set Athens on fire

  14. Battle at Plataea • Combined forces of the Greek city-states formed their largest army yet • Improved fighting with better armor and weapons • Greek army faced Persians at Plataea • Two sides evenly matched with 100,000 men • Greeks defeated the Persians • Freed Anatolia from Persian rule • Peace did no come until 449 BC

  15. Decline of Persia • Persian army was no longer strong enough to defend the empire • Persian people were unhappy with government • Kings taxed the people heavily • Persian empire fell when attacked by Alexander the Great and a new Greek empire began

  16. Page 67

  17. The Persian Warshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jMlnn7hKBn0

  18. With your #3 partner sort the following. Major battles of the Persian War

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