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This type of government is characterized by the rule of a small number of people. How the people are chosen varies from place to place: Some have it based on family ties, while others use wealth or military position as a determining factor. In history many Greek city-states, including Sparta, used this form of governing. • What type of government is being described in the above quote? 6.48 • Monarchy C. Tyranny • Oligarchy D. Democracy
The Persian Wars Persians clashed with the Greeks Greeks in Anatolia revolted against Persia Athenians sent warships to help rebels Persians crushed the uprising- major victory King Darius decided to punish the Greeks
How Did the Greeks Win at Marathon? • Darius sent a fleet of 600 ships and army to invade Greece • Persians landed at Marathon • Persians waited for the Greeks to fight • Athenians had only 10,000 troops compared to the Persian’s 20,000 soldiers
Persians sailed to Athens to attack by sea • Persians loaded their ships with cavalry • As soon as the Persians had their horsemen on their ships, Athenians charged down the hills • Athenians caught the Persians foot soldiers standing in the water • Persians suffered a terrible defeat
Marathon • A messenger ran 25 miles from Marathon to Athens with news of the victory • When he reached Athens he cried “Victory” = NIKE • Then collapsed and died from exhaustion • Today’s marathon races are named for him and are just over 26 miles • HH Battle of Marathon
Land and Sea Battles • Persians vowed revenge • Xerxes of Persia invaded Greece with 200,000 troops and thousands of warships • The Greek city-states banded together to fight the Persians
Battle of Thermopylaehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gI6sARmxEuc
Battle of Thermopylae- 480 BCE • King Leonidas of Sparta supplied soldiers • Themistocles of Athensdirected Greek naval forces • Themistocles wanted to attack the Persian’s ships and cut off the army’s supplies • To do this, King Leonidas of Sparta had to stop the Persian army from reaching Athens
Battle of Thermopylae • King Leonidas led 7,000 soldiers into a battle that lasted for three days • A traitor showed the Persians a trail leading behind the Greeks • Realizing he would soon be surrounded, Leonidas dismissed most of the troops • Leonidas and 300 Spartans remained a fought to the death
Salamis • The Spartan’s heroic stand gave Themistocles time to attack Persia’s ships • Athenian fleet lured the Persian fleet into the strait of Salamis near Athens • Athenian ships were smaller and faster • Most of the Persian fleet was destroyed • Persian foot soldiers set Athens on fire
Battle at Plataea • Combined forces of the Greek city-states formed their largest army yet • Improved fighting with better armor and weapons • Greek army faced Persians at Plataea • Two sides evenly matched with 100,000 men • Greeks defeated the Persians • Freed Anatolia from Persian rule • Peace did no come until 449 BC
Decline of Persia • Persian army was no longer strong enough to defend the empire • Persian people were unhappy with government • Kings taxed the people heavily • Persian empire fell when attacked by Alexander the Great and a new Greek empire began
With your #3 partner sort the following. Major battles of the Persian War