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Biodiversity. The number of different species that live within an ecosystem . Biomass. The mass of living biological organisms in an ecosystem at a given time The dry weight of organic carbon. Endemic Species. A species that is native to the area and ONLY found in that area Koala Panda
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Biodiversity • The number of different species that live within an ecosystem
Biomass • The mass of living biological organisms in an ecosystem at a given time • The dry weight of organic carbon
Endemic Species • A species that is native to the area and ONLY found in that area • Koala • Panda • Kangaroo
Endemic Species • Lemur, kiwi, platypus, rainforest frogs
Galapagos Islands • Frigate Bird • Red footed bobby • Blue footed bobby • Galapagos penguin • Galapagos turtle
Invasive Species • A species that does not naturally occur in an area and causes harm to the ecosystem Dyer’s Woad Zebra Mussels
Invasive Species • Cheat Grass • Eurasian Dove
Invasive Species • Burmese Python • Giant Rat
Keystone Species • A species that is vital to an ecosystem and the entire ecosystem will be affected if it is removed
Endangered Species • A species whose numbers are so small that it is at risk of extinction
Endangered Species • Arctic Fox • Arctic tundra (Alaska, Canada, Russia) • 100’s of thousands • Climate change • Fur harvesting • Diseases from wild dogs
Endangered Species • Peregrine Falcon • 1650 breeding pairs • U.S. and Canada: wide range • DDT and DDE (pesticides banned in the 1970’s) causes thinning of egg shells
Endangered Species • Killer Whale • Less than 50,000 • Pollution and chemical contamination • Makes them more susceptible to disease
Endangered Species • Monarch Butterfly • North and Central America- migrate to Mexico • Harvesting lumber in the area • Climate – changes migration area • Loss of milkweed plants
Endangered Species • American Bison (North America) • 500,000 • Disease - Crossbreeding with cattle • Hunting
Endangered Species • African and Asian Elephants • 450,000-700,000 African • 35,000-40,000 Asian • Habitat loss • Tusk harvesting
Endangered Species • California Condor • 279 : 130 have been reintroduced into the wild • Western U.S., Mexico, Canada • Lead poisoning • Electrocution on power lines • Poaching
Endangered Species • Mountain Gorilla • 700 • Virunga mountain region (East Africa) • Habitat loss due to human population growth • Disease • Poaching
Endangered Species • Black Rhino: 2,400White Rhino: 7,500Sumatran Rhino: 400Javan Rhino: fewer than 100Indian Rhino: more than 2,000 • Poaching for horns
Endangered Species • Giant Panda • China • 2000 • Climate change affecting bamboo growth • Habitat loss due to farming
Endangered Species • Koala Bear • Australia • Fewer than 100,000 • Habitat destruction • Hunted for furs • Traffic accidents • Attacked by domestic dogs
Endangered Species • Chimpanzee • 100,000 – 200,000 • African continent • Habitat destruction • Commercial exploitation
Endangered Species • Ocelot • North and South America • 800,000 – 1.25 million • Habitat destruction • Fur harvesting
Extinction • The end of a species of organism
Extinct Species • Extinct animals • Labrador Duck (skunk duck) • 1878: New York City • Over harvesting by humans (hunting)
Extinct Species • Javan Tiger • Indonesian Islands • 1976 • Human expansion • Food source exhausted (Rusa deer) • Bali Tiger • 1937 • Habitat loss • Over harvesting
Extinct Species • North African Elephant • Egypt and Mediterranean • Used as war elephants
Extinct Species • Passenger Pigeon • 1914 • North America
Extinct Species • Dodo Bird • Late 17th century • Island of Mauritius
Reasons • Poaching • Pollution • Over hunting • Loss of habitat • Disease • Invasive Species • Predation • Climate change • Natural disasters • Meteorite impacts, volcanoes • Hurricanes, tsunami
Mass Extinctions • Mass Extinction: when several groups of species die out due to a major ecosystem changing event
Mass Extinctions 1. Ordovician: 438 million years ago • Cause: Ice Age • 100 families extinct • More than half of the brachiopod species extinct
Mass Extinctions 2. Devonian: about 370 mya • Global climate change: Ice Age or Warming Period • 19% of animal families extinct (mostly Aquatic)
Mass Extinctions 3. Permian: about 245 mya • Largest mass extinction • Causes? Climate change due to mass volcanic eruptions or plate tectonic movement • 95% of all species
Mass Extinctions 4. Triassic: 210 mya • Global Ice Age • 28% of all animal families die out • Most early dinosaur families went extinct
Mass Extinctions 5. Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T): 65 mya • Meteorite impact and/or volcanic eruptions • About half of all life forms died out including • Dinosaurs • Ammonites • Fish • Clams • Snails • Sponges • Sea urchins
The 6th Mass Extinction • 1993 • The Theory that humans will cause another mass extinction • Only extinction caused by biotic factors • Pollution • Habitat destruction • Over harvesting • Exploitation of resources (poaching) • Introduction of invasive species