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Project #1 Improved RF Signal Propagation through Water via Waveforms

Project #1 Improved RF Signal Propagation through Water via Waveforms Student: Ritesh J. Patel Electrical and Compute Engineering ACCEND Justin Jantzen Aerospace Engineering Mentor: Dr . Dharma Agrawal, D.Sc. Distinguished Professor Anagha Jamthe Graduate Student Mentor

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Project #1 Improved RF Signal Propagation through Water via Waveforms

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  1. Project #1 Improved RF Signal Propagation through Water via Waveforms Student: Ritesh J. Patel Electrical and Compute Engineering ACCEND Justin Jantzen Aerospace Engineering Mentor: Dr. Dharma Agrawal, D.Sc. Distinguished Professor AnaghaJamthe Graduate Student Mentor NSF Type 1 STEP Grant Sponsored By The National Science Foundation Grant ID No.: DUE-0756921 College of Engineering and Applied Science University of Cincinnati

  2. Index Experiment Purpose Background Materials Test Method Test Results Conclusion

  3. Experiment Purpose Improvement in RF (Radio Frequency) signal propagation between a wireless transmitter/receiver pair through a pipe filled with air vs. RF signal propagation through water A hollow pipe can be used to propagate signal through air rather than water and could significantly improve the signal quality and transmission range

  4. Background RF waves are used by cell phones to communicate with a microwave tower Such signals attenuates quickly in water due to absorption/attenuation properties Such wireless devices communicating with RF signals could be used in off-shore oil-drilling platforms, submarines, and marine life applications A hollow pipe can be used to propagate signal through air rather than water and could significantly improve the signal quality and transmission range #

  5. Background • 3 Major Methods of Transmission • Radio Frequency • Acoustic • Optical

  6. Background From “Re-Evaluation of RF Electromagnetic Communication in Underwater Sensor Networks”

  7. Materials • Copper & PVC pipes of varying diameters cut into 1m segments • 1 m PVC pipe with diameter: 1.5 inch, 2 inch and 3 inch • Trash-can filled with water • RF Sensors operating at 2.4 GHz • Texas Instrument eZ430-RF2500-SHE

  8. Test Method • Transmit signal through pipe (copper & PVC) and two plastic bags in air • Transmit signal through pipe (copper & PVC) and two plastic bags by placing pipe and plastic bags in water • Compare the RSSI percentage of copper, PVC and two plastic bags in air • Compare the RSSI percentage of copper, PVC and two plastic bags in water • Use different diameter (1.5 inch, 2 inch, & 3 inch) of pipes to see diameter’s effect on RSSI percentage

  9. Test Method Air Water Receiver Station Receiver Station Transmitter Station Transmitter Station

  10. Test Results Stacked Histogram of RSSI Percentages of the 3 Methods When Not Submerged in Water

  11. Test Results 3-D Histogram of RSSI Percentages of the 3 Methods When Not Submerged in Water

  12. Test Results Figure 3: Stacked Histogram of RSSI Percentages of the 3 Methods When Submerged in Water

  13. Test Results 3-D Histogram of RSSI Percentages of the 3 Methods When Submerged in Water

  14. Test Results: Summary Average RSSI, in Percentage of Maximum RSSI, where σ is Standard Deviation Average RSSI Lost, compared to Maximum RSSI

  15. Conclusion • Signals subject to large attenuation through water without waveform • Waveform reduces signal somewhat in air • In water, PVC waveform reduces signal loss by up to 10% • Submerged copper pipe subjects signal to complete loss at 1m • Larger pipe diameters have a small, but negative, effect on signal strength

  16. Questions? Background Test Methods Outcome • Radio Frequency signals are commonly used in communications, from radio and cellphones to Wi-Fi • RF signals lose strength quickly in water due to absorption/attenuation properties • Wireless devices communicating with RF signals could be used in off-shore oil-drilling platforms, submarines, and marine life applications • Transmit signal through pipe (copper & PVC) and two plastic bags in air • Transmit signal through pipe (copper & PVC) and two plastic bags by placing pipe and plastic bags in water • Compare the RSSI percentage of copper, PVC and two plastic bags in air • Compare the RSSI percentage of copper, PVC and two plastic bags in water • Use different diameter (1.5 inch, 2 inch, & 3 inch) of pipes to see diameter’s effect on RSSI percentage Test Result Comparisons in Air Average RSSI, in Percentage of Maximum RSSI, where σ is Standard Deviation Experiment Purpose • Improvement in Radio Frequency signal propagation between a wireless transmitter/receiver pair through a pipe filled with air vs. RF signal propagation through water • A hollow pipe can be used to propagate signal through air rather than water and could significantly improve the signal quality and transmission range Average RSSI Lost, compared to Maximum RSSI Test Result Comparisons in Water Conclusion • Signals subject to large attenuation through water without waveform • Waveform reduces signal somewhat in air • In water, PVC waveform reduces signal loss by up to 10% • Submerged copper pipe subjects signal to complete loss at 1m • Larger pipe diameters have a small, but negative, effect on signal strength Materials • Copper & PVC pipes of varying diameters cut into 1m segments • Trash can filled with water • RF Sensors operating at 2.4 GHz

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