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CHP300

CHP300. Content. Definition of Immunization Immunization Schedule Success of Immunization. Assessment of Success Factors Influencing Success . The Cold Chain . Definition of Immunization. skin. mucous membranes. Non specific. reflexes. sp. variation. race. genetic. anomalies.

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CHP300

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  1. CHP300

  2. Content • Definition of Immunization • Immunization Schedule • Success of Immunization • Assessment of Success • Factors Influencing Success • The Cold Chain

  3. Definition of Immunization skin mucous membranes Non specific reflexes sp. variation race genetic anomalies Resistance passive ( transplacental ) Artificially acquired specific resistance natural specific active ( disease ) acquired toxoid active live vacc artificial killed vacc homologous Abs passive heterologous Abs

  4. Definitions • Vaccine: • A suspension of attenuated live or killed microorganisms or antigenic portion of these agent presented to a potential host to induce immunity and prevent disease.

  5. Definitions • Toxoid: • A modified bacterial toxin that has been made nontoxic but remains the capacity to stimulate the formation of antitoxin

  6. Definitions • Antitoxin : • An antibody derived from the serum of animals from stimulation with specific antigen used to provide passive immunity

  7. Definitions Immunoglobulin: An antibody-containing solution derived from human blood and used primary for maintenance of immunity of immunodeficient person or for passive immunization.

  8. BCG vaccine • Attenuated strain of M.bovis. • Site: intradermal. • Safe in immunocompetent patient. • 50 – 80%Protection against disseminated tuberculosis and tuberculus meningitis • 50% protection against pulmonary tuberculosis in children and adults

  9. Poliovaccine • IPV: trivalent inactivated poliovirus type 1,2 and 3 • OPV : trivalent live attenuated poliovirus type 1,2 and 3 • Protection againstPoliomyelitis

  10. Vaccine administration • IPV = SC • OPV = PO

  11. DTP • DPT = diphtheria and tetanus toxoids combined to a whole-cell pertussis. • DTaP = diphtheria and tetanus toxoids combined to a cellular pertussis vaccine • DT = for children <7yrs with contraindication to pertussis • Td = tetanus toxoid with1/3 -1/6 the dose of diphtheria toxoid for individuals >7yrs • Site = IM

  12. Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) vaccine • Consist of a capsular polysaccharide antigen conjugated to a carrier (doesn’t protect against the disease) • Protection against bacteremia, pneumonia, and acute bacterial meningitis.

  13. Routine use of these vaccine has lead to a 95% decline in invasive Hib disease in infancy and young children. • Vaccine administration :IM

  14. Hepatitis B vaccine • Indications: • Routine • All infant of HBsAg positive mother • All children and adolescents not immunized • High risk group: • Health workers. • Haemodialysis, bleeding disorders. • Travellers to endemic areas.

  15. Introduction of pentavalent vaccine • DPT • Hepatitis B • Hib

  16. MMR • Live attenuated viruses. measles and mumps grown in chick embryo cell while rubella in human diploid cells. • Monovalent measles vaccine, rubella vaccine and measles/rubella MR formulations are available.Vaccine administration: SC

  17. Varicella Vaccine  • The varicella vaccine is  a live (attenuated) virus administered to protect against  chickenpox • Given subcutaneously (under the skin). • Two doses are always recommended

  18. MCV4 • Quadrivalent (Serogroups A, C, W-135 and Y) • MCV4 is administered intramuscularly.

  19. Rota VV • Live attenuated • Given orally in 2 doses

  20. Immunization ScheduleKSA ( most resent) Birth BCG HepBV1 2 mo Rota DTaP1 HibV1 IPV1 HepBV2 PCV1 4 mo Rota DTaP2 HibV2 IPV2 HepBV3 PCV2 6 mo DTaP3 HibV3 HepBV4 PCV3 IPV/OPV3 9 mo Measles1(mono) MCV4 12 mo M2MR1 OPV4 PCVB MCV4 18 mo DTaPB1 HibVB HepAV1 Varicella1 OPVB1 M3MR2 24 mo HepAV2 School Varicella2 DTaPB2 OPVB2 M4MR3 /Td entry vaccineinformation.org

  21. Success of Immunization Assessment of Success - Coverage - Seroconversion

  22. Success of Immunization Factors Influencing Success • Parents • Staff • Vaccine KAP ( H.E. ) Availability ( √ ) ( Selection ) Commitment ( Training ) Skill ( Choice ) Efficacy ( Cold Chain ) Stability

  23. Cold chain It is a temperature-controlled supply chain. It is a system of storage , transport and distribution of vaccines at a low temperature from manufacturer to the actual vaccination site. range

  24. mjkjbhkjbbk Airport Airplane GroundTransport Manufacturer Pharma / Biotech Cold Chain Destination Consumer Airport Distributor’s Warehouse Intermediate Stops& Transfers Terminal Consumer Outlet

  25. THANK YOU

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