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CHP300

CHP300. Content. Definition of Immunization Immunization Schedule Success of Immunization. Assessment of Success Factors Influencing Success. The Cold Chain. Definition of Immunization. skin. mucous membranes. Non specific. reflexes. sp. variation. race. genetic. anomalies.

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CHP300

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  1. CHP300

  2. Content • Definition of Immunization • Immunization Schedule • Success of Immunization • Assessment of Success • Factors Influencing Success • The Cold Chain

  3. Definition of Immunization skin mucous membranes Non specific reflexes sp. variation race genetic anomalies Resistance passive ( transplacental ) Artificially acquired specific resistance natural specific active ( disease ) acquired toxoid active live vacc artificial killed vacc homologous Abs passive heterologous Abs

  4. Definitions • Vaccine: • A suspension of attenuated live or killed microorganisms or antigenic portion of these agent presented to a potential host to induce immunity and prevent disease.

  5. Definitions • Toxoid: • A modified bacterial toxin that has been made nontoxic but remains the capacity to stimulate the formation of antitoxin

  6. Definitions • Antitoxin : • An antibody derived from the serum of animals from stimulation with specific antigen used to provide passive immunity

  7. Definitions Immunoglobulin: An antibody-containing solution derived from human blood and used primary for maintenance of immunity of immunodeficient person or for passive immunization.

  8. BCG vaccine • Attenuated strain of M.bovis. • Site: intradermal. • Safe in immunocompetent patient. • 50 – 80%Protection against disseminated tuberculosis and tuberculus meningitis • 50% protection against pulmonary tuberculosis in children and adults

  9. Poliovaccine • IPV: trivalent inactivated poliovirus type 1,2 and 3 • OPV : trivalent live attenuated poliovirus type 1,2 and 3 • Protection againstPoliomyelitis

  10. Vaccine administration • IPV = SC • OPV = PO

  11. DTP • DPT = diphtheria and tetanus toxoids combined to a whole-cell pertussis. • DTaP = diphtheria and tetanus toxoids combined to a cellular pertussis vaccine • DT = for children <7yrs with contraindication to pertussis • Td = tetanus toxoid with1/3 -1/6 the dose of diphtheria toxoid for individuals >7yrs • Site = IM

  12. Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) vaccine • Consist of a capsular polysaccharide antigen conjugated to a carrier (doesn’t protect against the disease) • Protection against bacteremia, pneumonia, and acute bacterial meningitis.

  13. Routine use of these vaccine has lead to a 95% decline in invasive Hib disease in infancy and young children. • Vaccine administration :IM

  14. Hepatitis B vaccine • Indications: • Routine • All infant of HBsAg positive mother • All children and adolescents not immunized • High risk group: • Health workers. • Haemodialysis, bleeding disorders. • Travellers to endemic areas.

  15. Introduction of pentavalent vaccine • DPT • Hepatitis B • Hib

  16. MMR • Live attenuated viruses. measles and mumps grown in chick embryo cell while rubella in human diploid cells. • Monovalent measles vaccine, rubella vaccine and measles/rubella MR formulations are available.Vaccine administration: SC

  17. Varicella Vaccine  • The varicella vaccine is  a live (attenuated) virus administered to protect against  chickenpox • Given subcutaneously (under the skin). • Two doses are always recommended

  18. MCV4 • Quadrivalent (Serogroups A, C, W-135 and Y) • MCV4 is administered intramuscularly.

  19. Rota VV • Live attenuated • Given orally in 2 doses

  20. Immunization ScheduleKSA ( most resent) Birth BCG HepBV1 2 mo Rota DTaP1 HibV1 IPV1 HepBV2 PCV1 4 mo Rota DTaP2 HibV2 IPV2 HepBV3 PCV2 6 mo DTaP3 HibV3 HepBV4 PCV3 IPV/OPV3 9 mo Measles1(mono) MCV4 12 mo M2MR1 OPV4 PCVB MCV4 18 mo DTaPB1 HibVB HepAV1 Varicella1 OPVB1 M3MR2 24 mo HepAV2 School Varicella2 DTaPB2 OPVB2 M4MR3 /Td entry vaccineinformation.org

  21. Success of Immunization Assessment of Success - Coverage - Seroconversion

  22. Success of Immunization Factors Influencing Success • Parents • Staff • Vaccine KAP ( H.E. ) Availability ( √ ) ( Selection ) Commitment ( Training ) Skill ( Choice ) Efficacy ( Cold Chain ) Stability

  23. Cold chain It is a temperature-controlled supply chain. It is a system of storage , transport and distribution of vaccines at a low temperature from manufacturer to the actual vaccination site. range

  24. mjkjbhkjbbk Airport Airplane GroundTransport Manufacturer Pharma / Biotech Cold Chain Destination Consumer Airport Distributor’s Warehouse Intermediate Stops& Transfers Terminal Consumer Outlet

  25. THANK YOU

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