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Allocating Municipal Solid Waste to Renewable and Non-renewable Energy Marie LaRiviere Marie.LaRiviereeia.doe.gov 202

MSW Split: April 20, 2007. 2. Overview. EIA historically classified all MSW as renewableConcerns raised that not all MSW components are renewableCalculated shares of MSW heat content from renewable and non-renewable materialsHeat content of MSW is increasing More combustion of non-renewable m

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Allocating Municipal Solid Waste to Renewable and Non-renewable Energy Marie LaRiviere Marie.LaRiviereeia.doe.gov 202

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    1. Allocating Municipal Solid Waste to Renewable and Non-renewable Energy Marie LaRiviere Marie.LaRiviere@eia.doe.gov 202.586.1475 ASA Presentation April 20, 2007 Washington, DC

    2. MSW Split: April 20, 2007 2 Overview EIA historically classified all MSW as renewable Concerns raised that not all MSW components are renewable Calculated shares of MSW heat content from renewable and non-renewable materials Heat content of MSW is increasing More combustion of non-renewable materials More recycling of renewable materials

    3. MSW Split: April 20, 2007 3 EIA Renewable Energy Definition “Energy resources that are naturally replenishing but flow-limited. They are virtually inexhaustible in duration but limited in the amount of energy that is available per unit of time. Renewable energy resources include biomass, hydro, geothermal, solar, wind, ocean thermal, wave action, and tidal action.”

    4. MSW Split: April 20, 2007 4 Contents of MSW Renewable Textiles Yard Trimmings Food Waste Wood Leather Paper &Paper Products Newsprint Containers & Packaging Office Paper Non-Renewable Plastics PET HDPE PVC LDPE/LLDPE PP PS Rubber

    5. MSW Split: April 20, 2007 5

    6. MSW Split: April 20, 2007 6 What can we do with MSW?

    7. MSW Split: April 20, 2007 7 MSW Disposal (percent) Data Source: Place holder data.Data Source: Place holder data.

    8. MSW Split: April 20, 2007 8 Separate the total weight of discarded MSW into renewable and non-renewable fuel groups Multiply the Btu per ton factors by the total number of tons of each materials group provides a total weighted Btu per ton value for an average ton of MSW Calculate the renewable and non-renewable shares of MSW heat content Repeat for all data years, and interpolate linearly for non-data years

    9. MSW Split: April 20, 2007 9 Assumptions MSW input materials were classified as renewable or non-renewable according to their predominant composition The data provided by EPA are available only at the national level and were assumed to represent all MSW “Other Plastics” was assigned a heat content equal to the average heat content of all plastics Unassigned “Other” is divided evenly between the renewable and non-renewable groups Btu values of glass and metal were set at zero Unspecified Btu values were assumed to represent higher heating values

    10. MSW Split: April 20, 2007 10 Caveats The composite MSW HHV by year is not representative of the MSW HHV reported by EIA respondents. Btu values were obtained from best available sources and may have been developed using different procedures. EPA did not collect data for all years shown. Non-data years were interpolated.

    11. MSW Split: April 20, 2007 11 Results

    12. MSW Split: April 20, 2007 12 MSW Heat Content by Materials Group (percent)

    13. MSW Split: April 20, 2007 13 Why? Increasing amount of plastics in MSW Increased production without increased recycling Decreasing amount of paper & paper products in MSW Increased recycling

    14. MSW Split: April 20, 2007 14 Applications EIA MSW consumption data from 2001 onward will be split into renewable and non-renewable components Historical trends in heat content may be extended to forecast the MSW split in NEMS

    15. MSW Split: April 20, 2007 15 Sources Bahillo, A. et al. Journal of Energy Resources Technology, “NOx and N2O Emissions During Fluidized Bed Combustion of Leather Wastes.” Volume 128, Issue 2, June 2006. pp. 99-103. Energy Information Administration. Annual Energy Review 2005. “Renewable Energy Consumption by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2005.” Washington, DC, 2006. Energy Information Administration. Renewable Energy Annual 2004. “Average Heat Content of Selected Biomass Fuels.” Washington, DC, 2005. Environmental Protection Agency. Municipal Solid Waste in the United States: 2005 Facts and Figures. Also, years 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003. Published at http://www.epa.gov/msw/msw99.htm Accessed December 2006. Penn State Agricultural College Agricultural and Biological Engineering and Council for Solid Waste Solutions. Garth, J. and Kowal, P. Resource Recovery, Turning Waste into Energy, University Park, PA, 1993. Rubber Manufacturer’s Association. Scrap Tire Characteristics. http://www.rma.org/scrap_tires/scrap_tire_markets/scrap_tire_characteristics/. Accessed February 2007. Utah State University Recycling Center Frequently Asked Questions. Published at http://72.14.205.104/search?q=cache:yaqs7psFy4MJ:www.usu.edu/recycle/FAQs.htm+plastics+btu&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=5. Accessed December 2006.

    16. MSW Split: April 20, 2007 16 Thank you Energy Information Administration www.eia.doe.gov Marie LaRiviere Marie.LaRiviere@eia.doe.gov 202.586.1475

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