Illegal Drugs

1. Chapter 12 Illegal Drugs

2. Quotes About Character “The reputation of a thousand years may be determined by the conduct of one hour.” —Japanese Proverb

3. ANSWERS • FALSE—most people try drugs for various reasons such as peer pressure despite the fact that they are dangerous. • FALSE—marijuana use could result in psychological addiction and can lead to physical dependence & addiction. • FALSE—while stimulants increase energy, they can also cause restlessness, hyperactivity, and anxiety. • FALSE—anabolic steroids can cause shrinking of testicles, growth of breasts, baldness and infertility. • FALSE—medicinal barbiturates are given under physician supervision, however they are still dangerous and addictive. • TRUE • FALSE—damage to the brain due to drug use is usually permanent.

4. Chapter 12 Illegal Drugs Contents • Section 1Drugs of Abuse • Section 2Commonly Abused Drugs • Section 3Other Drugs of Abuse • Section 4A Drug-Free Life

5. Chapter 12 Section 1 Drugs of Abuse

6. Section1 Drugs of Abuse Chapter 12 Vocabulary: • DRUG ABUSE:improper or unsafe use of a drug. • DRUGS OF ABUSE:drugs used for recreational purposes (no medical benefit)

7. Chapter 12 Section1 Drugs of Abuse What the law says: • Many drugs of abuse are illegal. • Possessing, using, buying, or selling these drugs is illegal. • Some drugs of abuse are legal products, but can be used illegally…examples: • Possession without a Rx • possessing too much • Abusing, buying or selling

8. Section1 Drugs of Abuse Chapter 12 Dangers of using illegal drugs: • overdose • addiction • infectious diseases from needles • lose the ability to make responsible decisions about other risky behavior (sexual situations, fights, etc.) • permanent effects on the brain and the body

9. Section1 Drugs of Abuse Chapter 12 Why Do People Begin Using Drugs? • experimentation • peer pressure • escape boredom or depression • enjoyment of risk-taking behavior • belief that drugs solve personal, social, or medical problems • glamorization of drugs by the media

10. Section1 Drugs of Abuse Chapter 12 Teens and Illegal Drug Use: • Drug abuse can permanently change brain function. • Because teens’ brains are still developing, they may have a higher risk of addiction to drugs than adults do. • Altering brain development with drug use can lead to a life-long struggle to overcome addiction.

11. Chapter 12 Section 2 Commonly Abused Drugs

12. Section2 Commonly Abused Drugs Chapter 12 • All illegal drugs have three things in common: • Affects normal brain function (sometimes permanently). • Dangerous to your health. • Can result in drug dependence and addiction.

14. Section2 Commonly Abused Drugs Chapter 12 Marijuana • The active chemical in marijuana is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). • Users build up tolerance, so they need to use more and more to get the desired effect. • This can lead to physical dependence. • With heavier use, more harmful chemicals enter the body.

15. Section2 Commonly Abused Drugs Chapter 12 Marijuana (short-term effects) • Slowed thinking ability • Difficulty paying attention • Distorted sense of time and distance • Giddiness • Loss of short-term memory • Loss of balance and coordination • Increased appetite • Anxiety • Panic attacks

16. Section2 Commonly Abused Drugs Chapter 12 Marijuana (long-term effects) • Marijuana contains ~5X more carcinogens than cigarettes (1 mj = 5 tobacco cigarettes) • …so regular use has many of the same negative health effects as smoking cigarettes • Marijuana use is also dangerous when driving (the loss of attention and coordination is just as dangerous as driving drunk). • Hashish has the same effects as marijuana, but stronger.

18. Section2 Commonly Abused Drugs Chapter 12 Inhalants • Inhalants are drugs that are inhaled as vapors. • Commonly abused inhalants include paint thinner, glue, gasoline, marker fluid, propane, butane, and nitrous oxide. • Because inhalants are often common products, they can be easy to get and inexpensive. • Inhalants are a common gateway drug for teens.

19. Section2 Commonly Abused Drugs Chapter 12 Inhalants (long-term effects) • damages many organs • kills brain cells • can cause sudden death • heart failure • brain seizures

21. Section2 Commonly Abused Drugs Chapter 12 Club (Designer) Drugs: • designed to resemble other illegal drugs in chemical structure and effect • common club drugs are: • Ecstasy • GHB • Ketamine • PCP

23. Section2 Commonly Abused Drugs Chapter 12 Anabolic Steroids: • Synthetic versions of the male hormone testosterone • Used to promote muscle development & decrease body fat (female users) • Has few legitimate medical uses • Most people take anabolic steroids illegally and without guidance from a doctor • Unlike most drugs of abuse, steroids have no immediate psychoactive effect. Their primary effects are on the body.

24. Section2 Commonly Abused Drugs Chapter 12 Anabolic Steroids (physical “benefits”/why people take them) • Rapid increase in: • Strength • Power • Speed • Decreased body fat (many female athletes use for this reason) • Tony Mandarich - ESPN Interview 2009

25. Anabolic Steroids (long term effects)

26. Section2 Commonly Abused Drugs Chapter 12 Anabolic Steroids (why people begin using) • Belief that natural talent and hard work is good enough. • Peer pressure / competition for starting positions and scholarship opportunities • Laziness (don’t have to work as hard for gains / improvements)

27. Section2 Commonly Abused Drugs Chapter 12 Anabolic Steroids (SAFER alternatives) • Maximize your workouts • Eat a great diet, including safe supplements • Get plenty of sleep • Building healthy self-esteem can help people resist these pressures.

29. Chapter 12 Section 3 Other Drugs of Abuse

30. Section3 Other Drugs of Abuse Chapter 12 Other Types of Abused Drugs • Stimulants: speeds up Central Nervous System (CNS) activity, heart rate, etc. • Depressants: slows down CNS activity (slows breathing & heart rate, relaxation, etc) • Opiates: pain relievers, anesthetics, sedatives (highly addictive drugs derived from the poppy plant or made in a lab) • Hallucinogens: distort perceptions and cause a person to see or hear things that are not real.

32. Section3 Other Drugs of Abuse Chapter 12 Stimulants • Caffeineandnicotine: • mild • legal • addictive • Amphetamines: • produced in laboratories. • highly addictive. • can cause severe damage to the body and brain.

33. Section3 Other Drugs of Abuse Chapter 12 Stimulants • Cocaine and crack cocaine: • stimulants derived from the coca plant • highly addictive • overdose of these drugs can be very dangerous.

35. Section3 Other Drugs of Abuse Chapter 12 Depressants • Depressants have effects similar to the effects of alcohol. They are highly addictive when abused. • Using depressants in combination with alcohol increases the effects. • Overdose may cause brain damage, coma, or death.

36. Section3 Other Drugs of Abuse Chapter 12 Depressants • Rohypnol: • a hypnotic widely used as a date-rape drug. • Dextromethorphan (DXM): • an ingredient in cough syrups • in high doses its effects are similar to the effects of PCP

38. Section3 Other Drugs of Abuse Chapter 12 Opiates • Examples: morphine, codeine, Rx pain meds • Jason Peter video (ESPN) • Can be very effective medicines when used properly in limited amounts. • Reduce pain, relieve diarrhea, suppress coughing, and induce relaxation. • When abused, addiction results very quickly. • Withdrawal symptoms are severe.

39. Section3 Other Drugs of Abuse Chapter 12 Opiates • Heroin is a chemically altered form of morphine. • Heroin is highly addictive. This addiction is debilitating and often ruins people’s lives.

40. Section3 Other Drugs of Abuse Chapter 12 Opiates • Heroin addicts: • lose their jobs • have poor living conditions • suffer many health problems • choke on their own vomit when passed out • catch diseases from needles • engage in crime to support their addiction

42. Section3 Other Drugs of Abuse Chapter 12 Hallucinogens • LSD is usually taken as tablets or absorbed through the tongue on small paper squares. • LSD can increase energy, alter mood, and produce strange sensations or hallucinations. The effects of LSD can also be frightening.

43. Section3 Other Drugs of Abuse Chapter 12 Hallucinogens • Mushrooms are a naturally poisonous species of mushroom that produce effects similar to LSD. • LSD and mushroom users can experience flashbacks long after they have taken the drugs.

44. Section3 Other Drugs of Abuse Chapter 12 Refusal Skills • Practicing your refusal skills can make you more confident in your decision to refuse drugs if they are ever offered to you. • Use the next slide to review your skills.

46. Chapter 12 Section 4 A Drug-Free Life

47. Section4 A Drug-Free Life Chapter 12 Drug abuse Affects the Individual • The dangers of intoxication, side effects, and addiction are not the only risks of drug abuse. • Other risks include: • car accidents • accidental injury or death • violence and other criminal activity • unplanned pregnancy • sexually transmitted diseases

48. Section4 A Drug-Free Life Chapter 12 Drug Abuse Affects the Family • When a teen or other family member is using drugs, it destroys trust within the family. • Drug abuse often leads to family violence. • Drug use can be dangerous to pregnant women and to the fetus. • Neonatal abstinence syndrome is withdrawal that occurs in newborn infants whose mothers were frequent drug users during pregnancy.

49. Section4 A Drug-Free Life Chapter 12 Drug Abuse Affects Society • Like the use of tobacco and alcohol, drug use imposes economic costs on society. • Billions of dollars are spent in the U.S. each year on health care resulting from drug abuse. • There are also costs from lost productivity at work, accidents, suicide, and other drug-related problems. • Drug abuse and addiction also increase crime. • 1 out of every 4 prisoners is in jail for a drug-related crime.

50. Section4 A Drug-Free Life Chapter 12 Treatment for Drug Addiction • Recovering is the process of learning to live without drugs. • Because drugs affect the brain, recovering from addiction is very difficult and usually requires treatment and extensive support. • Drug treatment approaches include 12-step programs, outpatient counseling, and residential communities.