Story Structure

1. StoryStructure Most stories follow a pattern Referred to as PLOT PYRAMID Climax conflict: Story Structure FallingAction RisingAction Resolution Exposition

2. Exposition Characters and setting are introduced Exposition ends when the conflict begins Story Structure Exposition

3. Conflict The major character is faced with a problem. Problem with himself- INTERNAL CONFLICT Problem with other characters or his/her surroundings- EXTERNAL CONFLICT The conflict is usually found between the Exposition and the Climax Climax Story Structure conflict: Exposition

4. Rising Action All of the events, THE ACTION, of the story leading up to the climax Story Structure RisingAction

5. Climax The turning point in the story. • SOMETHING HAPPENS RELATING TO THE CONFLICT Climax Story Structure

6. Falling Action Events after the climax, leading toward the resolution. They are better or worse for the character depending on the climax Things go from bad to good or from good to bad. Story Structure FallingAction

7. Resolution How the story ends… Comedy: happy ending Tragedy: sad ending Story Structure Resolution

8. Review REMEMBER THIS IS JUST A GUIDE: not every story follows this pattern, but most do, and even if it does NOT you can still identify the parts that the story does have. 1st- identify the exposition: character(s) and setting introduced 2nd- identify the conflict *this relates to the climax 3rd- identify the climax *all content between the exposition and the climax is the rising action 4th identify the resolution *all content between the climax and the resolution is the falling action Climax Story Structure FallingAction RisingAction conflict Resolution Exposition

9. Text Structure Nonfiction Organizational Patterns

10. Chronological Chrono means timeall text, fiction or nonfiction, is written in chronological order *Text is organized by describing content that took place over a period or in an order of a period of time: day(s), month(s), year(s), semester(s), week(s), hour(s), one day, one time, or a duration of time. Beginning event Ending event

11. Sequence / Order of Importance *Text is organized by describing the order in which “things” must occur in order to have proper results. *STEP-BY-STEP *1st,2nd,3rd,4th,5th etc. Get bread Tighten Laces Open jars Tie Loops Together Spread peanut butter Make Two Loops Spread jelly Combine slices Put on Shoe Enjoy. Does not take place at any specific point in time.

12. Cause and Effect *Text is organized by explaining reasons why something happened or explains the effects of something. *CAUSES led to the EFFFCT *EFFECT happened because of the CAUSES Not feeding it. Why Dog Ran Away Not petting it. Not loving it.

13. Problem and Solution Author states a problem and THEN solution(s) or visa versa. *Text is organized by describing a situation (the problem) and one or more solutions. Problem Solution Problem Solution Problem Solution Problem Solution

14. Compare and Contrast Compare = find similarities (BOTH) Contrast = find differences (DIFFERENCES) *Text is organized by describing the content and does so by telling what is common and what is different. Apples & Oranges Things or topic Similarities Differences BOTH Differences Fruits Have Seeds Healthy Colors Tastes Locations

15. dresser Lamp, book window bedroom T V stand SPATIAL bed TV door Clothes spread out on floor Text is organized by describing content in a space

16. Fiction Nonfiction Folklore Drama Poetry Fairy Tale Comedy Informational Writing Historical Fiction Tragedy Fable Science Fiction Persuasive Writing Myth Fantasy Autobiography Legend Realistic Fiction Biography Tall Tale

17. Fiction Genre GENRE Fiction Writing that is not real, it is made-up, it is of the imagination, and/or it is a FAKE STORY. SUBGENRE Historical Fiction: a STORY based on or around a person or event from history. -HISTORY BASED, BUT IT NEVER REALLY TOOK PLACE Science Fiction: a STORY dealing with aliens, the future, or advanced technology. Fantasy: a STORY containing monsters, magic, or other supernatural elements. Realistic Fiction: a STORY that could have happened, because it sounds real, but it NEVER REALLY TOOK PLACE.

18. Nonfiction Genre GENRE Nonfiction Writing that is true or factual. SUBGENRE Informational Writing: writing that provides information on a topic. -cookbook, pamphlet, instructions, newspaper article Persuasive Writing: writing that attempts to influence the reader to do something or to change their way of thinking. Autobiography: the life story written and told by oneself. Biography: the life story of someone told by someone else.

19. Folklore Genre GENRE Folklore Stories that are handed down generation to generation. Were and are told from oral tradition. THESE STORIES ARE NOT REAL. SUBGENRE Fairy Tale: a story with magic, monsters, and/or talking animals. Often has the “once upon a time” beginning, and “happily ever after” ending. Fable: a very short story; usually has talking animals and it has a moral/lesson. ex: Tortoise and the Hare Myth: has gods or goddesses and often accounts for the creation of something. Every culture has its own myth ex: Greek and Roman: Peruses, Medusa, Pandora’s Box ex: Native American: Crow Brings the Daylight, The Trickster Tricked, Kuekuatsu Legend: a story based on someone or something that might have once been real, but has since become exaggerated beyond the realm of nonfiction. ex: Bigfoot, Chupacabra, La Llorona, Bloody Mary Tall Tale: a story usually set in the American frontier where the main character has exaggerated strengths, skills, or size.  The tone of the author is humorous. ex: Pecos Bill, John Henry Paul Bunyan, Johnny Appleseed, Rip Van Winkle

20. Drama Genre GENRE Drama Writing that appears as a play or script. SUBGENRE Comedy: this type of drama has a happy ending. Tragedy: this type of drama ends in death and sadness.

21. Poetry GENRE Poetry Writing that is concerned with the beauty of language SUBGENRE Lyrical- typically express personal or emotional feelings and is traditionally the home of the present tense.They have specific rhyming schemes and are often, but not always, set to music or a beat. Meaning at the end. Narrative- is a form of poetry which tells a story, often making use of the voices of a narrator and characters as well; the entire story is usually written in metered verse. The poems that make up this genre may be short or long, and the story it relates to may be complex. It is usually dramatic, with objectives, diverse characters, and meter. Epic- An epic (from the Ancient Greek adjective ἐπικός (epikos), from ἔπος (epos) "word, story, poem") is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significant to a culture or nation.

22. Fact and Opinion

23. Facts Facts are statements that can be proven. Proven TRUE or proven FALSE. EXAMPLES: answer and explanation • Jesse said he was 10ft tall. FACT: can be proven that Jesse in not 10ft by measuring how tall he really is. 2. Coke sells better than Pepsi. FACT: can prove through sales reports that Coke does or does not sell better than Pepsi.

24. Opinions Opinions are statements that cannot be proven. Opinions are often “feelings” Opinions may be supported with facts, but opinions cannot be proven. EXAMPLES: answer and explanation • Golf is boring. OPINION: something boring cannot be proven, it is a feeling, one may like golf • Coke tastes better than Pepsi. OPINION: one cannot prove that something tastes better than something else, it is what someone thinks .