The international Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research FAIR: Challenges and Opportunities

1. The international Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research FAIR: Challenges and Opportunities Claudia Höhne GSI Darmstadt 10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics (CIPANP 2009)

2. Austria China Finnland France Germany Greece India Italy Poland Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Romania Russia UK Observers EU Hungary Saudi-Arabia USA

3. FAIR accelerator facility primary beams GSI FAIR • 1012/s; 1.5-2 GeV/u; 238U28+ • factor 100-1000 increased intensity • 2x1013/s 90 GeV protons • 109/s 238U92+ 35 GeV/u (Ni 45 GeV/u) secondary beams • radioactive beams 0 – 1.5 (2) GeV/u • rare isotopes 1.5 - 2 GeV/u; • factor 10 000 increased intensity • antiprotons (0) 3 - 15 GeV high intensity frontier! multi-user facility! storage and cooler rings • beams of rare isotopes • e – A Collider (proposal: antiproton - A) • 1011 stored and cooled antiprotons • 0.8 - 14.5 GeV accelerator technical challenges • rapidly cycling superconducting magnets • high energy electron cooling • beam losses

4. Overview on FAIR research topics

5. FAIR research highlights GSI FAIR Rare isotope beams: nuclear structure and nuclear astrophysics nuclear structure far off stability nucleosynthesis in stars and supernovae

6. NUSTAR – physics case • nuclear structure • underlying QCD structure → complex nucleon-nucleon force • study of exotic short lived nuclei far off stability • (proton/ neutron skins or halos, new magic numbers...) • → pave way for theoretical framework with predictive power for nuclei beyond experimental reach • astrophysics • origin of the heavy elements? • physics of stellar explosions (core-collapse, • thermonuclear supernovae, nucleosynthesis) • compact objects and the explosions on • their surfaces (x-ray bursts)

7. NUSTAR • Production of intensive rare isotope beams by in-flight projectile • fragmentation/fission (access to short-lived isotopes) • Detailed investigations, large variety of experimental techniques

8. FRS – SuperFRS: intensity gain! Present FRS Super-FRS FAIR: 2/s FAIR:108/s FAIR: 65/h FAIR: 8/s FAIR:109/s

9. (N)ESR: relativistic exotic ions in storage ring Mass accuracy 5 ∙10- 8to5 ∙10-7 Masses of more than 1100nuclides measured Results: ~ 350 new mass values ~ 300 improved mass values Stable nuclide Mass not (yet) measured in ESR Mass measured in ESR r-, rp-nuclei, which can be measured in NESR Single-ion sensitivity keV precision

10. FAIR research highlights GSI FAIR Short-pulse heavy ion beams: plasma physics matter at high pressure, densities, and temperature fundamentals of nuclear fusion

11. FAIR research highlights GSI FAIR Atomic physics, FLAIR, and applied research highly charged atoms low energy antiprotons radiobiology

12. FAIR research highlights GSI FAIR Beams of antiprotons: hadron physics quark-confinement potential search for gluonic matter and hybrids nuclon structure, double hypernuclei

13. PANDA – physics case • non-perturbative regime of QCD • quark confinement potential • hadron masses »S quark masses • self interaction among gluons • → research program • hadron physics: charmonium spectroscopy • gluonic excitations: glueballs, hybrids • nuclear physics: open and hidden charm in • nuclear matter, hypernuclei • electromagnetic processes: transverse • structure funtions etc.

14. PANDA AntiProton-Proton-ANnihilation in DArmstadt • High luminosity mode • Luminosity = 2 x 1032 cm-2s-1 • δp/p ~ 10-4(stochastic cooling) • High resolution mode • δp/p ~ few 10-5(+electron cooling) • Luminosity > 1031 cm-2s-1 • Gas-Jet/Pellet/Wire Target

15. PANDA hardware developments Micro-Vertex Detector Micro Vertex Detector Electronics Straw Tube Tracker DIRC EMC PWO crystals LAAPD FEE

16. Resolution! e+e- interactions: Only 1-- states are formed Other states only bysecondary decays (moderate mass resolution) pp reactions: All states directly formed(very good mass resolution) CBall E835 100 χc1 1000 Crystal Ball ev./2 MeV E 835 ev./pb ECM 3500 3510 3520 MeV Crystal Ball, SLAC E835, Fermilab in addition: beam quality, high resolution detector, redundancy

17. FAIR research highlights GSI FAIR Nucleus-nucleus collisions: compressed baryonic matter baryonic matter at highest densities (neutron stars) phase transitions and critical endpoint in-medium properties of hadrons

18. Physics case of CBM • Compressed Baryonic Matter @ FAIR – high mB, moderate T: • searching for the landmarks of the QCD phase diagram • first order deconfinement phase transition • chiral phase transition (high baryon densities!) • QCD critical endpoint • in A+A collisions from 2-45 AGeV starting in 2015 (CBM + HADES) • physics program complementary to RHIC, LHC • rare probes! (charm, dileptons)

19. The CBM experiment • Exploration of the QCD phase diagram at highest baryon densities • Experimental focus on rare diagnostic probes • High-rate detectors with free-streaming readout and online event selection

20. CBM hardware developments NVIDIA GTX 280 240 core GPU RPC GEM fast on-line event selection using many-core architectures (CELL, LRB, GPUs) high-rate large-area semiconductive glass high-rate large-area radiation-hard double-sided silicon microstrip detectors TRD Readout ASICs for RPC Time-of-flight system: 25 ps time resolution high-density front end boards high-rate large-area Data Acquisition System throughput 500 MB/s/node Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors self-triggering read-out chip 128 ch, 32 MHz RICH glass mirror

21. CBM experimental challenges • Measurements with rates up to • 107 Au+Au reactions/sec require: • extremely fast and radiation hard detectors • free-streaming readout electronics • high-speed online event selection • CPU&GPU – PetaFlops / M€ • FAIR Tier-Zero @ GSI Central Au+Au collision at 25 AGeV Up to 1000 charged particles in central Au+Au UrQMD + GEANT4 Larrabee NVIDIA GTX 280 • Fast track reconstruction algorithms running on graphic processing units: • speed 46 ns / track • track reconstruction efficiency > 96% • momentum resolution Δp/p < 1.5% speed 240 core GPU

22. FAIR research highlights GSI FAIR Accelerator physics high intensive heavy ion beams dynamical vacuum rapidly cycling superconducting magnets high energy electron cooling parallel operation of up to 4-5 programs

23. Accelerator Developments Beam quality: Electron & Stochastic Cooling Compact & efficient acceleator design: Rapidly cycling sc magnets: dB/dt ~ 4T/s Fast ramping: Frequency variable ferrite or MA loaded resonators XHV~10-12 mbar

24. International contributions to FAIR accelerators WBS 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 3.0 HEBT Super FRS CR NESR p-linac SIS100 pbar-target RESR HESR SIS300 ER Com. Sys. Civ. Constr. TS-2 Magnets Bend Bend Bend Bend Bend Bend Bend Bend Bend Bend Bend Quad Quad Quad Quad Quad Quad Quad Quad Quad Quad Quad Sextupoles Sextupoles Sextupoles Sextupoles Sextupoles Multipoles Sextupoles Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other TS-3 Power Converter Power Converter Power Converter Power Converter Power Converter Power Converter Power Converter Power Converter Power Converter Power Convertger Power Converter Power Converter TS-4 RF-System RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF TS-5 Inj/Extraction Inj/Extr. Inj/Extr. Inj/Extr. Inj/Extr. Inj/Extr. Inj/Extr. Inj/Extr. TS-6 Diagnostics Diagnostics Diagnostics Diagnostics Diagnostics Diagnostics Diagnostics Diagnostics Diagnostics Diagnostics Diagnostics Diagnostics TS-7 Vacuum Vacuum Vacuum Vacuum Vacuum Vacuum Vacuum Vacuum Vacuum Vacuum Vacuum Vacuum TS-8 Part. Sources EZR Linac TS-9 ECOOL ECOOL ECOOL TS-10 St. Cooling St. Cool St. Cool St. Cool TS-11 Special inst. Special Special Special Special Special TS-12 Local Cryo Local Cryo Local Cryo Local Cryo Local Cryo Local Cryo Refrigerator TS-14 Common System Controls/Interfaces Quench Detection Magnet QC Alignment El. Power EoIs still missing from

25. FAIR accelerator systems (schedule) Overall schedule (FAIR accelerator sections) 25

26. Accelerator R&D • Design and construction of superconducting prototype magnets in collaboration with external partners and industry. • SIS100 challenge: fast ramping superconducting magnets • SIS300 challenge: superconducting curved coils with 300 Tm bending power SIS100 superferric dipole prototype SIS100 superferric quadrupole prototype 26 26

27. R&D on dipole magnets for SIS300 27

28. The BIG challenge Gain Factors • Beam intensities by factors of 100 - 10000 • Beam energies by a factor 20 • Production of antimatter beams • Factor 10000 in beam brilliance via cooling • Efficient parallel operation of programs Financing Construction Period, Cost, Users • 65 % Federal Government of Germany • 10 % State of Hessen • 25 % Partner CountriesFAIR GmbH w. International Shareholders • Construction in three phases until 2016 • Total cost 1.2 B€ • Scientific users: 2500 - 3000 per year GSI today Future facility SIS 100/300 SIS 18 UNILAC Largest fundamentalscience project worldwide forthe next decade! ESR HESR Super FRS CR RESR NESR 100 m

30. Radioactive Ion Beam Programme Anti Proton Beam Programme Plasma Physics Beam Programme Relat. Ion Beam Programme

31. Super-FRS 746°C Beam catcher Super-FRS technological challenges: Extreme radiation hardness requirements Target for 1012 U /100ns Remotely controlled Assembly and operation and servicing Superferric Quadrupole-Multipletts Radiation resistant superconducting cable

32. 1GeV/u U + HAbout 1000 isotopes identified 1 GeV/u U, 3x1011/s A/Z-resolution ~10-3