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Fan Bai, Hariharan Krishnan, Varsha Sadekar

Towards Characterizing and Classifying Communication-based Automotive Applications from a Wireless Networking Perspective. Fan Bai, Hariharan Krishnan, Varsha Sadekar General Motors Research and Development Center, Warren, Michigan Tamer Elbatt, Gavin Holland

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Fan Bai, Hariharan Krishnan, Varsha Sadekar

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  1. Towards Characterizing and ClassifyingCommunication-based Automotive Applications from a Wireless Networking Perspective Fan Bai, Hariharan Krishnan, Varsha Sadekar General Motors Research and Development Center, Warren, Michigan Tamer Elbatt, Gavin Holland HRL Laboratories, Malibu, California Modified and presented by Jason Moulton

  2. Outline • Introduction • Motivation • V2V/V2I Communication-based Automotive Applications • V2V/V2I Application Characterization and Classification • Performance Metrics for V2V/V2I Applications • Contributions • Questions

  3. What is a VANET ? • Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks • Individual nodes different from traditional wireless nodes • No power constraint • Nodes mostly mobile • Extends existing infrastructure Vehicle-Vehicle Communication Vehicle-Infrastructure Communication

  4. A Modern Vehicle is a Computer on Wheels - Human-Machine Interface - Navigation system • Processing power: comparable with a Personal Computer + a few dozens of specialized processors • Communication: typically over a dedicated channel:Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) • In the US, 75 MHz at 5.9 GHz; • In Europe, 20 MHz requested but not yet allocated) • Envisioned protocol: IEEE 802.11p • Deployment will be progressive (over 2 decades or so)

  5. Safety applications: SVA (Stopped or Slow VehicleAdvisor)

  6. Safety Applications • PCN: V2V Post Crash Notification • EEBL: Emergency Electronic Brake Light • RHCN: Road Hazard Condition Notification • RFN: Road Feature Notification • CCW: Cooperative Collision Warning • CVW: Cooperative Violation Warning

  7. Convenience Applications: CRN (Congested Road Notification)

  8. Convenience Applications • TP: Traffic Probe • TOLL: Free Flow Tolling • PAN: Parking Availability Notification • PSL: Parking Spot Locator

  9. Commercial Applications • RVP/D: Remote Vehicle Personalization/Diagnostics • SA: Service Announcements • CMDD: Content, Map or Database Download • RTVR: Real-Time Video Relay

  10. Outline • Introduction • Motivation • V2V/V2I Communication-based Automotive Applications • V2V/V2I Application Characterization and Classification • Performance Metrics for V2V/V2I Applications • Contributions • Questions

  11. Motivation of the Paper • Objective: Categorization of communication-based automotive applications • From both application characteristic perspective and networking perspective • This effort helps bring the gap between the networking research society (focused on technology development) and the automotive research society (focused on application development) • Specifically, we are interested in • The representative communication-based automotive applications • The key application characteristics and networking attributes • The categorization of applications from a network design standpoint • The major performance metrics

  12. Outline • Introduction • Motivation • V2V/V2I Communication-based Automotive Applications • V2V/V2I Application Characterization and Classification • Performance Metrics for V2V/V2I Applications • Contributions • Questions

  13. V2V/V2I Communication-based Automotive Applications (1) From an application benefit viewpoint, V2V/V2I applications can be classified as Safety Applications Convenience Applications Commercial Applications Safety 13

  14. V2V/V2I Communication-based Automotive Applications (1) From an application benefit viewpoint, V2V/V2I applications can be classified as Safety Applications Convenience Applications Commercial Applications Safety 14

  15. V2V/V2I Communication-based Automotive Applications (1) From an application benefit viewpoint, V2V/V2I applications can be classified as Safety Applications Convenience Applications Commercial Applications Safety 15

  16. V2V/V2I Communication-based Automotive Applications (1) From an application benefit viewpoint, V2V/V2I applications can be classified as Safety Applications Convenience Applications Commercial Applications Safety 16

  17. V2V/V2I Communication-based Automotive Applications (1) From an application benefit viewpoint, V2V/V2I applications can be classified as Safety Applications Convenience Applications Commercial Applications Safety 17

  18. V2V/V2I Communication-based Automotive Applications (1) From an application benefit viewpoint, V2V/V2I applications can be classified as Safety Applications Convenience Applications Commercial Applications Safety 18

  19. V2V/V2I Communication-based Automotive Applications (1) From an application benefit viewpoint, V2V/V2I applications can be classified as Safety Applications Convenience Applications Commercial Applications Safety 19

  20. V2V/V2I Communication-based Automotive Applications (1) From an application benefit viewpoint, V2V/V2I applications can be classified as Safety Applications Convenience Applications Commercial Applications Safety 20

  21. V2V/V2I Communication-based Automotive Applications (2) Among those listed, safety-oriented applications are of special interest because they are expected to significantly reduce the fatalities and economic losses caused by traffic accidents Convenience Commercial 21

  22. V2V/V2I Communication-based Automotive Applications (2) Among those listed, safety-oriented applications are of special interest because they are expected to significantly reduce the fatalities and economic losses caused by traffic accidents Convenience Commercial 22

  23. V2V/V2I Communication-based Automotive Applications (2) Among those listed, safety-oriented applications are of special interest because they are expected to significantly reduce the fatalities and economic losses caused by traffic accidents Convenience Commercial 23

  24. Outline Introduction Motivation V2V/V2I Communication-based Automotive Applications V2V/V2I Application Characterization and Classification Performance Metrics for V2V/V2I Applications Contributions Questions 24

  25. Classification Criteria: Application Characteristics Application Characteristics describe properties directly related to the applications themselves 25

  26. Classification Criteria: Application Characteristics Application Characteristics describe properties directly related to the applications themselves 26

  27. Classification Criteria: Application Characteristics Application Characteristics describe properties directly related to the applications themselves 27

  28. Classification Criteria: Application Characteristics Application Characteristics describe properties directly related to the applications themselves 28

  29. Classification Criteria: Application Characteristics Application Characteristics describe properties directly related to the applications themselves 29

  30. Classification Criteria: Application Characteristics Application Characteristics describe properties directly related to the applications themselves 30

  31. Classification Criteria: Application Characteristics Application Characteristics describe properties directly related to the applications themselves 31

  32. Classification Criteria: Application Characteristics Application Characteristics describe properties directly related to the applications themselves 32

  33. Classification Criteria: Network Attributes Networking Attributes characterize the fundamental aspects of network design for communication-based automotive applications 33

  34. Application Characterization 34

  35. Application Characterization 35

  36. Application Characterization 36

  37. Application Characterization Applications exhibit commonalities! 37

  38. Network Attribute Characterization 38

  39. Network Attribute Characterization 39

  40. Network Attribute Characterization 40

  41. Network Attribute Characterization 41

  42. Application Classification (1) Short Message Communications Content Download/Steaming Unicast Broadcast Unicast File Video Event - Periodic On - demand Financial Non driven Download Streaming Financial Application Benefit Perspective Networking Attributes Perspective 1. Safety - SVA, EEBL, PCN, RHCN, RFN, CCW, CVW 2. Convenience - CRN, TP, TOLL, PAN, PSL 3. Commercial - RVP/D, SA, GMDD, RTVR 42

  43. Application Classification (2) Group applications into 7 generic classes: Accommodate the applications of interest SVA: Stopped or Slow VehicleAdvisor EEBL: Emergency Electronic Brake Light PCN: V2V Post Crash Notification RHCN: Road Hazard Condition Notification RFN: Road Feature Notification TP: Traffic Probe PAN: Parking Availability Notification PSL: Parking Spot Locator - Only (7 generic classes) application models - Individual applications are simple extensions from the generic models 43

  44. Outline Introduction Motivation V2V/V2I Communication-based Automotive Applications V2V/V2I Application Characterization and Classification Performance Metrics for V2V/V2I Applications Contributions Questions 44

  45. Performance Metrics for Communication-based Automotive Applications We mainly concentrate on safety applications, since they are the initial focus of automotive industry Necessity to introduce novel application-level metrics to accurately capture performance trends of safety applications 45

  46. Performance Metrics for Safety Applications (1) Reliability Metrics (Network-level) Packet Success Probability ( Pnet(d) ) Defined as the percentage of packets successfully received from broadcasting vehicle(s) at distance d away from the receiving vehicle (Application-level) T-window Reliability Metric ( Papp(d) ) Defined as the probability of successfully receiving at least one packet broadcasted by the transmitter at distance d within a given “application tolerance window” T Application- vs. Network-level Reliability SVA Application • Where,T: Application Tolerance Window • t: Application Broadcast Interval 46

  47. Performance Metrics for Safety Applications (2) Latency Metrics (Network-level) Average Per-packet Latency (Δτ) (only for successfully received packets) Defined as the time elapsed between generating a packet at the application of the sender and successfully receiving that packet at the application of the receiver (Application-level) Time-to-Successful Reception (ΔT) Defined as the duration between the time when a broadcast packet is generated at application layer of transmitting vehicle and the time at which the first successful packet is received by the application layer of receiving vehicle Application- vs. Network-level Latency SVA Application • Where, t: Application Broadcast Interval • Pnet: Network-level reliability 47

  48. Outline Introduction Motivation V2V/V2I Communication-based Automotive Applications V2V/V2I Application Characterization and Classification Performance Metrics for V2V/V2I Applications Contributions Questions 48

  49. Contributions of the Paper Investigate the application characteristics and network attributes, in order to better understand the behavior of communication-based automotive applications Group a large number of applications, with similar properties, to the same “generic” class Develop a few types of application models for the identified “generic” classes in our vehicular network simulator Develop a network protocol stack for each class of applications, to maximize reusability of common protocols modules Identify common QoS requirements and performance metrics for the identified application classes 49

  50. Questions

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