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SKELETAL SYSTEM

SKELETAL SYSTEM. SKELETAL SYSTEM. Organs bones. SKELETAL SYSTEM. Organs bones ligaments. SKELETAL SYSTEM. Organs bones ligaments cartilages. SKELETAL SYSTEM. Organs bones ligaments cartilages joints. Skeletal System Functions Support & Protection Movement

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SKELETAL SYSTEM

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  1. SKELETAL SYSTEM

  2. SKELETAL SYSTEM • Organs • bones

  3. SKELETAL SYSTEM • Organs • bones • ligaments

  4. SKELETAL SYSTEM • Organs • bones • ligaments • cartilages

  5. SKELETAL SYSTEM • Organs • bones • ligaments • cartilages • joints

  6. Skeletal System Functions • Support & Protection • Movement • Mineral storage • Blood cell production • Leverage

  7. Classification of bones

  8. Classification of bones Long bones

  9. Classification of bones • Long bones • “Other Bones”

  10. Classification of bones • Long bones • “Other Bones” • Short

  11. Classification of bones • Long bones • “Other Bones” • Short • Flat

  12. Classification of bones • Long bones • “Other Bones” • Short • Flat • Irregular

  13. Classification of bones • Long bones • “Other Bones” • Short • Flat • Irregular • Sesamoid

  14. Classification of bones • Long bones • “Other Bones” • Short • Flat • Irregular • Sesamoid • Wormian

  15. Structure of long bones

  16. Structure of “other bones”

  17. Bone Development and Growth • Intramembranous ossification • Mesenchymal CT converted into bone

  18. Bone Development and Growth • Endochondral ossification • Cartilage converted into bone

  19. Bone Development and Growth • Increasing Length of Bone • Requires the epiphyseal plates

  20. Bone Development and Growth • Appositional growth (Increase in thickness) • requires the osteoblasts from the periosteum

  21. Bone Remodeling • Requires osteoblasts and osteoclasts

  22. Factors Regulating Bone Growth • Growth hormone • Thyroid hormone • Sex hormones • Vitamin A and C • Vitamin D

  23. Aging and the Skeletal System

  24. Incidence of hip fractures with age

  25. http://courses.washington.edu/bonephys/opop/opdem.html

  26. Osteoporosis

  27. Non-modifiable risk factors: • Being female • Thin and/or small frame • Advanced age • A family history • Early menopause • Caucasian or Asian descent • Being post-menopausal

  28. Modifiable Risk Factors: • Smoking and alcohol • High protein diets (?) • Sedentary lifestyles • Excessive exercise • Some drugs (e.g. corticosteroids) • Anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa

  29. Some Symptoms of 0steoporosis Hip fractures

  30. Some Symptoms of 0steoporosis Vertebral fractures

  31. Repairing Vertebral Fractures

  32. Vertebral fractures can result in kyphosis

  33. Prevention • A calcium rich diet (dairy and/or non-dairy sources) • Weight bearing exercises • Avoidance of risk factors

  34. Intervertebral Disks

  35. Intervertebral Disks

  36. Intervertebral Disks

  37. Herniated Disks

  38. Herniated Disks

  39. Herniated Disks

  40. -----------------------------------

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