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X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy at SESAME “BASEMA Status”

S ynchrotron-light for E xperimental S cience and A pplications in the M iddle E ast . X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy at SESAME “BASEMA Status” . Messaoud Harfouche. Answers to Previous Questions and suggestions. What is the vision for BASEMA BL

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X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy at SESAME “BASEMA Status”

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  1. Synchrotron-light for Experimental Scienceand Applicationsin the Middle East  X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy at SESAME“BASEMA Status” Messaoud Harfouche

  2. Answers to Previous Questions and suggestions • What is the vision for BASEMA BL • Focus on the XAFS techniques (XANES, EXAFS, XRF, XRD) • Need to meet user demands • Beamline scientist can propose different techniques that can be combined with XAS • RAMAN is the widely used technique and maybe the cheapest • XES, HERFD, RIXS are the most advanced techniques but very expensive and needs special design (can’t buy as a complete system) • Need multitude of bentcrystals (larger is the number better are the results) • Need different type of crystals to cover all the energy regions • Priority should be given to build a strong XAS user community • Need to connect with universities in the region (not that easy) • SESAME should offer joint positions with universities (home universities ) to beamline scientists • Sign MoUs with universities and research institutions • …….. • Need to encourage scientists to develop their own research and allow collaborations among the members and other countries.

  3. Answers to Previous Questions and suggestions • Modify the DCM to use MCM & Easy exchange by users • The DCM doesn’t allow motorized crystal exchange  lots of time to change the crystals  need mechanical & vacuum technicians • Gain in flux but loss in resolution  can’t be used for most of EXAFS measurements • Flux on the sample is good enough even at higher energies - ~30 keV- if good detectors are used. • Cost of such a modification is very high (according to Ricardo SenioratoBruker ‘former Accel’)

  4. Answers to Previous Questions and suggestions • A future upgrade of beamline to use KB focusing system to achieve 3x3 mm2 • Ray tracing calculations already performed • Beam size from the source is too large  difficult to focus • Smallest beam size that can be achieved is 8 x 10 mm2 with a flux of 5 x 109 ph/sec at 8 keV • The option of short beamline is excluded • need a small intermediate source point with small demagnification • Smaller is the beam size - lower is the flux on the sample • Project for a micro-focusing beamline on insertion device (Undulator) can be proposed for phase II beamlines (to be proposed by potential users)

  5. Answers to Previous Questions and suggestions • What makes a good beamline? Stability and Low noise are key factors! • Beamline scientist totally agree on this proposition • It is a practical matter rather than calculations and design issue • Need to minimize the number of motorization and disconnect the non used ones. • Find a system that allows to disconnect a motor remotely and make it passive as soon as it is not used. • Find the adequate solution for internal and external cooling system. • Use insolating material between the ground and girders for the optics components • Other tricks can be collected from experts – starting from SAC/BAC

  6. Answers to Previous Questions and suggestions • Being competitive by having reliable and impressive software • data acquisition and control software • A sketch (Mock-up) of the data acquisition software is already done • See the demonstration version • Will be discussed with control group • Need a very good physicist who is a good programmer or a very good programmer and good in physics. • Data reduction and analysis • Many software are developed • Ifeffit , WInXAS, XAFS, EXAFS pour le mac, PyMCA, fit2D, Match, etc. • Some have active mailing list and provide help for the users. • Users are free to use there own software

  7. Other Comments • Opening of the boxes from ESRF • On going (with many delays) • Monochromator has been opened and inspected in presence of an expert (A. Simionovici) • Visual inspection (internal, external) • Testing of stepper motors, cooling and vacuum system • Could not test all the motors and signals (No control hardware) • Other beamline components are in testing phase • XBPM, Slits, Wire monitor • The opening of the VCM mirror is delayed until receiving the second mirror VFM • Metrology tests are already done at ESRF (thanks to Amparo Vivo) • Need an expert who worked with ZEISS mirror mechanisms (Eric Detonna, ESRF)

  8. Other Comments • Budget estimation of the control system • Discussed with 3 beamline scientists from SOLEIL • SAMBA, DiFabs, ODE • The average construction budget for a beamline at SOLEIL was given by the control group (Pascale Betinelli + Yves-Marie Abevin) • Will be shown in details at the end of this presentation • Annual upgrade budget • Not needed at this stage of the construction

  9. Users recommendations and wishes • Raman technique will be a good technique to be combined with XAFS, XRF and XRD • Need for a cryojet or cryostat for biological and some environmental samples. • Needs for users will be submitted as proposal through EUC or directly to BL scientist • Should focus more on building the users community which leads to scientific collaborations between users • A large beam is needed for bulk measurements and 10x10 mm2 is a good beam size for many applications.

  10. BASEMA

  11. Current Status of BASEMA • CDR has been written and ready to be reviewed • TDR has been started • 3D drawing of all the components is ongoing (Akrum) • Inspecting, testing and documenting the optics components • Research vision for the beamline (preparing students, collaborations)

  12. BASEMA

  13. BASEMA Port D08 by Adel Amro Booster Storage ring Beamline

  14. Machine: Can’t go to higher Energies due to the machine performances

  15. Beamline Characteristics Energy range • Lower limit due to absorption of air in the EH • Higher limit due to machine limitation

  16. : K- edge Spectral energy range (~4 –30 keV) : L- edge : Difficult It will be hard to probe some elements at verylower concentrations

  17. Beamline Hutches OLD Experimental Hutch Experimental Hutch Control room Control room Lab. Control racks Control racks Optics Hutch Optics Hutch NEW

  18. Hutches & Optics Layout Experimental Hutch Control room Control racks Optics Hutch

  19. Beamline Optics VCM VFM Still at ESRF: to be delivered with BM16 comp. Arrived at SESAME: will be opened once VCM arrived

  20. Beamline Optics Surface Roughness 13 points evenly spaced by 50.8mm are measured on each strip

  21. Beamline Optics Averaged rms values VCM VFM

  22. Beamline Optics Micro-roughness RMS distribution on VCM stripes Si Pt

  23. Beamline Optics Micro-roughness RMS distribution on VFM stripes Si Pt

  24. Beamline Optics LTP measurement VCM (Slope error) • Slope errors correspond to residuals to the best cylinder • Three parallel traces spaced by 15 mm are measured on each stripe Si Pt bender performances were not checked

  25. Beamline Optics LTP measurement VFM (Slope error) • Slope errors correspond to residuals to the best cylinder • Three parallel traces spaced by 15 mm are measured on each stripe Si Pt bender performances were not checked

  26. Heat load absorption and power density on VCM Si Pt

  27. Beamline Optics Power density calculated on the surface of the Si coated stripe of the VCM Thermoelastic calculations (FE) Without cooling With cooling

  28. Beamline Optics DCM • ROBL DCM at ESRF • Arrived to SESAME • Opened in presence of an • expert (A. Simionovici) • Discussions and decisions: • Use the current set up of cooling system for whole period of commissioning • Mount the bender for the second crystal once we have beam through optics • to experimental hutch

  29. Beamline Optics Tests on the DCM • Stepper motors

  30. Beamline Optics Tests on the DCM • Cooling System

  31. Beamline Optics Tests on the DCM • Cooling System

  32. Beamline Optics Tests on the DCM • Vacuum System

  33. Beamline Optics Problems encountered Some Controllers still at ESRF for pico- and servo-motors No controller at SESAME Vertical motors can’t be mounted (need to be fixed on the floor) • Drops were observed on the first crystal • Contacted optics groups at ESRF, APS • Need to find a way to clean them

  34. Beamline Optics Other Components • All the components from ESRF were unpacked Except the VCM • Test is ongoing for the motors and motor controllers • Cooling and vacuum will follow soon • Tested components will be covered and stored in the Lab. • Primary alignment of the components will be done at the end

  35. Optical properties at the sample position Si(111) crystal Si(311) crystal

  36. Optical properties at the sample position Number of photons on the sample (S1) without focusing system (KB)

  37. KB Focusing system KB parameters from secondary source Ray tracing simulation results

  38. KB Focusing system Secondary source (S1 sample) Focused beam (S2 sample) 8x10 mm2 ~5x109 Ph/sec

  39. Estimated Costs • Materials Costs (M$) • Interface (hutches and infrastructure) 0.50 • Front End 0.15 • Beamline Optics0.49 • XBPM 0.10 • Crystals for DCM 0.04 • Modifications on the existing optics 0.10 (if needed) • Focusing system (KB+microscope) 0.25 (To be discussed) • Vacuum System0.03 • Computing and Control System 0.40 • Hardware (PCs, VME, drivers,…) 0.3 • Software and DAQ 0.1 • Furniture End Station 0.51 • Tables (2) 0.12 • Detectors • ICs, diodes and gas mixing system 0.04 • SDD (1) 0.05 • Multi-element Ge detector 0.30 (promises for 7e Ge detector S.H.) • Total costs with focusing system 2.08 • Total costs without focusing system (-0.25) 1.83

  40. Estimated Time Schedule

  41. Other Activities • IAEA Coordinated Research Project (2 proposals) • Adsorption and mobility of heavy metals in soils in the vicinity of • Jordanian- and Yarmouk- rivers (SESAME project) • Antimony as an element with environmental concern and its pollution in Mongolia collaboration project between SESAME, Jordan and The Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Mongolia • Accepted proposal for joint SESAME/ICTP School • Advanced School on Synchrotron Techniques in Environmental Scientific projects • SESAME-ICTP • Co-supervising a Master Student from Al-Quds University • Upgrade of BASEMA “the XAFS/XRF Beamline at SESAME” and application to a scientific case • Co-supervising a Master Student from Jordanian Uniersity • Heavy metals in the vicinity of Jordanian and Yermok rivers soils

  42. Acknowledgement • Andreas Scheinost (ROBL, ESRF) • Amparo Vivo (metrology Lab., ESRF) • Alexander Simionovici (Univ. Josef Fourier and ESRF) • Thiery Moreno (SOLEIL, France) SESAME Staff A. Amro, T. Abu Hanieh, Y. Moumani, F. Al-Omari, A. Attyeh, M. Shehab M. Al-Najdawi, S. Budair, O. Noor, M. Al-khalili etc.

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