1. THE LEGACY OF WWII US policy: Interventionists = United Nations Human cost Holocaust

1. WORLD WAR II 1. THE LEGACY OF WWII • US policy: • Interventionists = United Nations • Human cost • Holocaust • Nuremberg Trials—1946 • Toyko Trials • The Cold War 1946 to 1989 • WWII today

2. UN UNITED NATIONS Soviet Union *** U.S.A China *Great Britain**France • Founders of the United Nations in 1945 • Permanent seats on the Security Council. • Replaced the League of Nations to promote world peace Limited Democracy MilitaryDictatorship No Self Government 1 Party State No Government Dictatorship Monarchy Democracy Communism

3. The Creation of the U. N.

4. HUMAN COST of World War II

5. COST OF WWII • 50 to 60 million people die • US spent $300 billion • National debt $252 billion

6. WW II Casualties: Europe Each symbol indicates 100,000 dead in the appropriate theater of operations

7. WW II Casualties: Asia Each symbol indicates 100,000 dead in the appropriate theater of operations

8. WWII CASUALITIES • Civilians only. • Army and navy figures. • Figures cover July 7, 1937 to Sept. 2, 1945, and concern only Chinese regular troops. Do not include casualties suffered by guerrillas and local military corps. • Deaths from all causes. • Against Soviet Russia; 385,847 against Nazi Germany. • Against Soviet Russia; 169,822 against Nazi Germany. • National Defense Ctr., Canadian Forces Hq., Director of History.

9. WWII CASUALITIES • Civilians only. • Army and navy figures. • Figures cover July 7, 1937 to Sept. 2, 1945, and concern only Chinese regular troops. Do not include casualties suffered by guerrillas and local military corps. • Deaths from all causes. • Against Soviet Russia; 385,847 against Nazi Germany. • Against Soviet Russia; 169,822 against Nazi Germany. • National Defense Ctr., Canadian Forces Hq., Director of History.

10. WW II Casualties • Civilians only. • Army and navy figures. • Figures cover period July 7, 1937 to Sept. 2, 1945, and concern only Chinese regular troops. They do not include casualties suffered by guerrillas and local military corps. • Deaths from all causes. • Against Soviet Russia; 385,847 against Nazi Germany. • Against Soviet Russia; 169,822against Nazi Germany. • National Defense Ctr., CanadianForces Hq., Director of History.

11. HUMAN DISLOATIONS

12. THE HOLOCAUST • Great destruction resulting in the extensive loss of life, especially by fire • The genocide of European Jews and other “undesirables” by the Nazis during World War II • Hitler killed over 12 million “undesirables” which 6 million were Jews in his concentration camps

13. My first and foremost task will be the annihilation of the Jews. "All the human culture, all the results of art, science, and technology that we see before us today, are almost exclusively the creative product of the Aryan..." "The mightiest counterpart to the Aryan is represented by the Jew." "And so I believe to-day that my conduct is in accordance with the will of the Almighty Creator. In standing guard against the Jew I am defending the handiwork of the Lord." THE HOLOCAUST

14. The final solution itself ... to put it bluntly, the extermination of the Jews, was not provided for by Reich Law. It was a Führer's Order, a so-called Führer's Order. Adolf Eichmann, 1960-61 THE HOLOCAUST

15. A Common Enemy • Hitler blames Jews for problems of Germany • Loss of WWI • German Economic Depression • Jews identified as a “race” –not a religion • A New Education Begins • Save Germany from impurities • Aryan Virtues----Nuremberg Laws nuremberg

16. Three Phases of Hatred • Phase 1 1933-1939 • A Common Enemy : Re-Education • Citizenship Rights? • German Jews face deportation • Violence Escalates----Kristalnacht • Phase 2 (1939-1945) • World War II Declared (England and France) • Ghettos and Forced Labor Camps • Germans begin mass executions of European Jews and Eastern Europeans. • Einzsengruben death squads • Phase 3: The Final Solution • Move to concentration camps • Mass extermination with gas chambers

17. Death Camps Auschwitz was the main death camp

18. Holocaust HOLOCAUST Genocide: Policy of exterminating a race of people…..Nazi policy from 1941 to 1945.

19. Nazi leaders being tried for war crimes and crimes against civilians: Established the principle: That individuals are responsible for the actions regardless if they are carrying out orders…….

20. trial • Crimes against peace, humanity—war crimes • Important principle established: • Individuals responsible for their actions

21. trial Several Nazi leaders would be found guilty for crimes against humanity. Punishments ranged from prison sentences up to life and execution by hanging…...

22. Japanese War Crimes Trials General Hideki Tojo Bio-Chemical Experimentson humans!

24. Yalta DECISIONS AT YALTA CONFERENCE Yalta Conference shaped the post WWII world. The lasting effect was: “You cannot trust the words of a dictator”. KEY DECISIONS • Created a United Nations • Germany and Berlin divided into 4 zones controlled by the Allies • Eastern European countries allowed “free elections” • Stalin signed agreements but Eastern Europe would stay under Soviet control.

25. CONFLICTING INTERESTS coldwar • Soviet Goals • Wanted to rebuild Europe in ways that would help the Soviet Union recover from the huge losses it suffered during the war • Wanted to establish Soviet satellite nations, countries subject to Soviet domination and sympathetic to Soviet goals • Wanted to promote the spread of communism throughout the world • American Goals • Wanted conquered European nations to experience the democracy and economic opportunity that the United States had fought for during the war • Wanted to develop strong capitalist economies, which would provide good markets for American products vs

26. THE COLD WAR coldwar vs • Uneasy peace between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. • Competition for world dominance and global power. • Fought on political and economic fronts rather than on military battlefields---------Even though the threat of war was always present. • Defined America’s foreign policy from 1946 to 1989. • It affected domestic politics and how Americans viewed the world and themselves. • Constant state of military preparednessand arms race • Propaganda war----Democracy vs Communism • US policy: Support nations threatened by Communism

27. NATO NATO ALLIANCE AND WARSAW PACT CommunisticWarsaw Pact CommunisticWarsaw Pact

28. The Bi-Polarization of Europe: The Beginning of the Cold War map/cold war 1950’s Democracy vs. Communism Bi-Polarization of the World Soviet Union/China and Allies…….. US, Allied Nations and Allied colonies.

29. atomic bomb NUCLEAR AGE • The world would now live with the threat of nuclear war. • Arms race between Soviet Union and U.S. who could build the most nuclear weapons. • U.S. would use nuclear weapons as a “deterrent” • Peace through strength…… • “nuclear diplomacy”

30. map/cold war CONTAINMENT POLICY 1950’s Containment: Stop the expansion of Communism in Asia and Europe Soviet Union/China and Allies…….. US, Allied Nations and Allied colonies.

31. Soviet Union1918 X Berlin Blockade 1947-8 Eastern Europe1946 China1949 Communist ExpansionA Chronology of Events X Korean War1950 to 1953 CONTAINMENT Marshall PlanBerlin AirliftNATOKorean War

32. TheWorld We Live in Today Was Formed by the Events of World War II

33. 7 Future American Presidents Lives Were Formed by Their Service in World War II

34. The Race for Space

35. Early Computer Technology Came Out of WW II Colossus, 1941 Mark I, 1944 Admiral Grace Hooper, 1944-1992COBOL language

36. The De-Colonization of European Empires

37. The Emergence of Third World Nationalist Movements