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Marine Reptiles and Birds

Marine Reptiles and Birds. Class Reptilia. Characteristics. Strong bony skeleton Well developed lungs Most have 2 pairs of legs Legs are thick Toes with claws Excretory system designed to conserve water. Characteristics Cont’d. Color change Dominant sense – sight

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Marine Reptiles and Birds

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  1. Marine Reptiles and Birds

  2. Class Reptilia

  3. Characteristics • Strong bony skeleton • Well developed lungs • Most have 2 pairs of legs • Legs are thick • Toes with claws • Excretory system designed to conserve water

  4. Characteristics Cont’d • Color change • Dominant sense – sight • Uric acid – primary excretory product • 4 chambered heart • Sex determination - high temp – males - low temp - females

  5. Order Testudines • Turtles • @ 225 species • Beak rather than teeth • Eat plants and animals • Most are highly endangered • Leatherback up to 9’ and 1 ton.

  6. Order SquamataSuborder Sauria • Lizards • Eat plants and animals • Komodo Dragon – up to 10 ft long • Marine Iguanas – feed on algae

  7. Order SquamataSuborder Serpentes • Snakes • No limbs • Strong flexible bodies • Oviparous or ovoviviparous • Well developed sense of taste and smell

  8. Snake Feeding • Jacobson’s organs – olfactory pouches used to track prey and find females • Pit organs – detect heat • Swallow prey whole • Upper and lower jaws can move independently • Posteriorly pointing teeth

  9. Snake Venom • Hemotoxins - destroy red blood cells and cause internal bleeding - vipers • Neurotoxins – paralyze nerve cells, respiratory paralysis - Cobras, coral snakes, and sea snakes

  10. Order Crocodilia • Crocodiles and Alligators • Differences • Carnivores • Live in water • Extend nostrils above water for air

  11. Class Aves

  12. Feathers Composed mainly of keratin • Down feathers - soft, fluffy feathers providing insulation. • Filoplumes - thin, hair-like feathers. • Contour feathers - shape and color the body. • Flight feathers - specialized contour feathers on wings and tail that provide lift.

  13. Feather Types

  14. Skeleton • Light bones • Air sacs – greatly increase lung’s ability to take in oxygen. • Forelimbs function as wings, not for grasping • Types of feet based on type of food and environment.

  15. Types of bills • Toothless • Depend on type of food gathered

  16. Cardiovascular System • Body temperature is internally regulated (endothermic) • Heart is 4-chambered • High metabolism - provides the large amount of energy needed for flight. • Rapid heartbeat - moves large amount of blood through the body for gas exchange.

  17. Nervous System Highly developed • Controls flight, • Helps navigation, • Enhances vision and hearing.

  18. Digestive System • Crop - stores food for processing by the gizzard. • Gizzard - grinds the food.

  19. Shore Birds • feed in intertidal zone, long legs and sharp beaks. (ex. Sandpipers)

  20. Gulls • predators and scavengers found all over the world. Generally live around shoreline.

  21. Pelicans, Cormorants, etc • Dive for food • Gular pouch serves as a net

  22. Albatross • Superb gliders (11ft wing span) • Return to land only to nest

  23. Penguins • Heavier bones and layers of fat. • Most highly adapted to life in the sea • Preyed upon by leopard seals & killer whales

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