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The Church in the Middle Ages. Title: Outline of the Church Structure. The Church. West Catholic Priest cannot marry Pope is separate from Emperor (can clash) Services in Latin Based in Rome. East Greek Orthodox Priests can marry Emperor is the head of the Church (Patriarch)
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The Churchin the Middle Ages Title: Outline of the Church Structure
The Church West • Catholic • Priest cannot marry • Pope is separate from Emperor (can clash) • Services in Latin • Based in Rome East • Greek Orthodox • Priests can marry • Emperor is the head of the Church (Patriarch) • Services in Greek • Based in Byzantium Religious beliefs create a schism (separation)
I: The Catholic Church in the MA provided for the following: • Conversion of the barbarians • Education – priests only ones who could read; copied manuscripts • Art, architecture, and music – all art religious; cathedral; music – Gregorian chants • Blessing, ceremonies • knights carried icon or relic blessed before going into battle; • Coronation – Church creates the king • Crowning of Charlemagne • Implied the Pope could make kings • So the Pope must be more powerful than the king St. Boniface Icons
II. Reasons the Church was so Powerful: • Investiture – appointment of priests; • Priests influenced EVERYBODY • even tried to control war – “Peace of God,” no fighting on weekends & or near the church B. Canon Law – religious law, at least as important as secular law C. Promise of salvation in heaven – made life bearable – especially to serfs D. Seven Sacraments –only administered by priest & only way you could go to heaven
Reasons the Church was so Powerful: 7 Sacraments 1. Baptism – admission of faith 2. Confirmation – training in church rituals (prayer, giving gifts of Holy Spirit) 3. Penance –reconciliation – forgiveness by God 4. Communion – Eucharist-Lord’s Supper 5. Marriage –formal union of man & woman 6. Ordination – training & commitment of clergy 7. Last rites –– final blessing Last Rites Penance All 7 sacraments require the Church Eucharist
How the Church controlled people excommunication – denied a person the sacraments until he corrected behavior *Interdict – entire area excommunicated Inquisition to punish heresy – those who contradicted basic teachings of church, punished & executed – strictest in Spain Controlled economics by not allowing usury – no (or low) interest on loan of money Collected Tithes (10%)[a church tax]
Structure of the Roman Catholic Church Regular Clergy –men and women who withdraw from the world live according to set rules dedicated to a certain task (Called monks, friars, or nuns.) Benedictines – farmed, medical care, schools, copied manuscripts Templars & Hospitalers – cared for sick Franciscans – ministered to lower classes Dominicans – educated upper class; fought heresy; Jesuits were later order at time of Reformation
III. Structure of the Roman Catholic Church A. Secular Clergy – live and work in the regular world • Pope – Vatican – descendants of St. Peter; elected by cardinals • Cardinals – advisors/ princes of Church • Archbishops – each leads an area called Archdiocese – major division – most had a cathedral • Bishops – diocese –subdivision of archdiocese • Priests – parish – & subdivision of diocese
IV. Problems with the Church • Simony – buying and selling of church offices & sacrament • Indulgences – paying for forgiveness- What happened to the poor? Leads to exploitation • Political power – kings began to want independence; leads to fights. • Wealth– Donation of Pepin (the Papal States) – given by Pepin (Charlemagne’s father) in return for crown; beginning of church’s wealth, leads to corruption and greed
Create a compare and contrast pyramid of feudalism and the church hierarchy King Pope Lord Cardinals Archbishops Knights Bishops Serfs Priests Feudalism Roman Catholic Church