EGovernance Principles Practice C.S.R. PRABHU Deputy Director General National Informatics Centre Andhra Pradesh

1. eGovernance  Principles & PracticeC.S.R. PRABHUDeputy Director General  National Informatics Centre Andhra Pradesh State UnitHyderabad

2. What is egovernance ?

3. e-Governance Overview & Framework

4. Lecture Plan Understanding concept of eGovernance Definition of Citizen Centric eGovernance eGovernance models eGovernance Vs. IT- Led government Issues & Challenges eGovernance Framework

5. Understanding value of Technology A disciple came to Sri Ramakrishna and told him that after 20 years of tapas, he had mastered the art of walking on water. ''You've wasted your life'', exclaimed the saint. ''I can do the same thing by giving a paisa to the boatman!'' Ramakrishna had immense yogic powers. Yet, he understood the value of their usage to ensure that life does not become un necessarily complex. What lesson do we get ?

6. What lesson do we get?? Just possessing Information & Communication Technology (ICT)Tools is not enough. It may make your life more complex unless you are clear about Why, when, where & how to use these powers to get what we want in the simplified way.

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9. SMART Governance Characteristics A Governance body having characteristics like : Simple Moral Accountable Responsive Transparent  SMART Governance with focus around citizens, and prefixed with �e� (usage of ICT tools to achieve desired objectives ) is e-Governance.

11. e-Governance Mission Partnership between various stake holders with objectives as follows : e - Citizen : To receive govt. services, access them on line 24x7x365 days , and participate in governance process e - Business : To access Govt services, for faster economic  development, and participation in value addition to govt. services e � Employees : For better communication / understanding, Increased productivity, participation in strategic planning e � Government : To Increase productivity / efficiency, build good relationships with others for good governance.

12. Citizen Centric e-Governance When the focus of Government services is to facilitate citizens to have access to information : - In the format convenient to them - at the place of their choice - Transparency about the decision making processes - Simplification of procedures of information access - To minimize the total processing time for requested actions  An example Technology should facilitate citizen to make payments of utility bills (electricity bill, telephone bill or water bill) at one place or automate the payment through bank. It should further facilitate the citizens to interact with the concerned agencies for queries / clarifications / adjustments etc. ( Aim should be to provide Single window service 24 X 7 X 365 )

13. Transformation from e-Government to e-Governance

14. e-Governance is a Process An Illustration : Development of Computerised Databases and Dissemination of Information through normal channels or Web technology is e-Government Enforcement of laws for timely delivery of services to citizens, Business and other Govt.offices through Internet or Intranet is e-Governance

15. E-Governance Applications Few examples, where citizen interfaces with Government : Delivery of Products ( eg. MTNL Directory distribution) Delivery of Services ( eg. Hospital, Police, Post ) Delivery of Information ( eg. Govt. schemes, funds utilization ) Online Transactions ( Applying for Driving Licenses)

16. E-Governance Models There are 6 generic models : Broadcasting / Wider Dissemination Model Critical Flow Model Comparitive Analysis Model Mobilisation & Lobbying Model Interactive-Service Model e-Governance Maturity Model

17. Practical benefits of e-Governance Simpler documentation Faster responses Simpler procurement Greater reach of services Accelerating education Public participation Simplified transactions Simplified interactions etc.

18. Why is e-Governance assumed to be difficult? Bureaucrats are generalists, not specialists in IT ICT Companies have clear interest in spreading disinformation to make Govt. buy more ICT equipment than what they can use Projects are some times done for show case value only and less than 20% of the projects survive Interoperability (basic requirement of simplification and integration) not so easy Change management & Sustainability issues

19. Potential e-Governance Application areas Citizen Services Employment Bridging the Digital Divide Revenue Postal Health Education Justice Trade Public Grievances Human Rights etc�

20. Evolutionary Stages in eGovernance Use of email, internal networking Intranet setup for internal activities Allow public access Allow 2way communication Allow online transactions by Citizens Enrich digital democracy Integrate with Legislature & Judiciary

21. e-Governance : Challenges Remember ! The key challenges with e-Governance are not the TECHNOLOGY issues but, they are the ORGANIZATIONAL issues Let us look into these challenges

22. e-Governance : Challenges Realistic Needs Analysis (Beware of information overflow in enthusiasm of using IT Tools �..) Redefining rules and procedures for data collection, processing, storage, dissemination, and decision making (With the computers on desk tops, should we not look towards de-regulation of decision making process ?)

23. e-Governance : Challenges Information transparency / security ( Is it practical to have 100 % transparency ? ) Interdepartmental collaboration for information sharing ( Horizontal & Vertical) (How to change mind sets to employees to come out of possessive nature ? ) Security &Legal Issues ( Who should be responsible for correctness of the information having multiple updation /access rights?)

24. e-Governance : Challenges Infrastructure (Just acquiring computers is not enough. People should be aware of their potential and should acquire skill of using them optimally� ) Tendency to resist the change in work culture(Using a computer instead of type writer and using email, instead of telephone can not be treated as change in work culture. Some thing more is required, What is that challenge?)

25. Challenges specific to Indian Setup Problem of priority ( Poverty is main issue) Adversity of diversity( Different languages and casts) Perversity of political class (Political dominance ) Ownership by the top political leadership essential Ownership & commitment by beaurocracy Over powering (IT expert sector) Low quality of output ( Garbage in I\s garbage out)

26. A Caution Technology helps to reach the un-reached, but it can make the things worse through digital divide. There is the fear of emergence of an elite group who only may be the ultimate beneficiaries of successful technology application

27. Where do we stand ? In Countries such as USA, Singapore, Norway, Sweden � online Govt. services are high In Britain, New Zealand, South Korea even the general usage of internet is less when compared. Internet usage in India too growing and many state governments are going online.

28. What statistics say ? The Leaders USA 3.11 Australia 2.60 Singapore 2.58 Canada 2.52 U.K. 2.52 Germany 2.46 Japan 2.12 The Followers Malaysia 1.63 South Africa 1.56 Philippines 1.44 India 1.29 China 1.04 Sri Lanka 0.92 Bangladesh 0.90

29. What is wrong ?

30. What is e-government ?

31. What is NOT e-Government ?

32. e-Governance Framework

33. E-Governance Framework: An Overview

35. e-Governance Systems Development Steps Have a clear vision and prepare action plan. Choose projects that fit in action plan, if you can�t, make them fit in. Large e-Governance systems have to be divided into manageable logical modules, each with a goal that supports overall objective of e-Governance. ICT provides solution for plugging such components to a great extent, even if the modules are developed on different platforms. There is need to contain cost by developing portable / replicable modules, which can be reused across different government.

36. e-Governance Systems Development Steps 5. The e-Governance architecture should be able to support phased implementation. This is possible by providing interlinked common backbone architecture, and customized architecture at front end for deployment of different e-Governance applications. 6. There is need to follow technology standards for Databases, operating systems,Schema, nomenclatures, architecture, communication security etc.

38. Critical Success Factors People, Process, Technology Architecture & Standards Security Implementation Models

39. The Process Pyramid

40. e-Gov Architecture

41. US Federal Enterprise Architecture

42. UK e-Gov Architecture

43. eIndia Architecture

46. Implementation Models for e-Government

47. Issues in Implementation of e-Gov System Study Vs. System Development Pilot Vs. Rollout L1 Vs T1 In-house Vs. Outsource Make or Buy Open Source Vs Proprietary software

48. Problems in implementation Lack of Political Will Official apathy Budget constraints Too many disjointed efforts Lack of Communication Infrastructure Digital Dividends Divide Shortage of Champions Local Language Interface Open Source Inadequate Legal Framework NO Architecture & Standards Too much of rhetoric, too little benefits

49. CARD Collectorate 2000 e-Panchayat Land Records, Praja (Rural eSeva), eSeva(AP) Ekal Seva Kendra(Haryana) Bhoomi & SachivalayaVahini(Karnataka) COURTIS, JUDIS eKhazana(A.P.) And so on�

50. CARD Collectorate 2000 e-Panchayat Land Records

51. CARD Objective Transformation of Registration Services Implemented by IG Registration & Stamps in Association with NIC First major e-Government initiative in India 387 sub-registrar offices computerized Implemented almost entirely in-house Over 50 lakh documents registered in CARD Encumbrance certificates instantaneous Web-version planned by NIC Anywhere EC � Anywhere registration

52. Collectorate 2000 Objective To automate the processes within the Collectorate Implemented by Dist.Collector, IT Dept/APTS and NIC jointly First major e-Government initiative in the District Collectorates 23 District Collectorate offices computerized Implemented almost entirely in-house Subjects covered : Revenue(DCB), Gun licenses, Law & Order, Freedom fighter pensions, Civil supplies, Drinking water schemes, Schemes for Physically handicapped and Insurance schemes etc.

53. e-Panchayat Objective To provide IT enabled e-Panchayat services to the citizens of the village Being implemented by Commnr., Panchayatraj, AP First ever e-Government initiative in Indian villages 1300 major panchayats targetted (10 in operation) Subjects covered : Birth & Death registration & certification, House/Property tax asessment and collections, old age pensions, works monitoring, financial accounting, MIS, Agricultural extension, Access to Land Records

54. Land Records Objective To update the record of rights on lands and to issue Pattadar passbooks and various land related certificates online Being implemented by Chief Commissioner., Land Administration, and NIC First ever e-Government initiative on Land Records in India Implemented and operational in 1127 Mandal Revenue Offices (Tahasildars) Subjects covered : Mutational workflow process made online. Maintenance of Land records data such as Pvt./Govt./prohibited and encroachments, Lease and Mortgage Land Records data of all the 1127 Mandals hosted on Central Server for public viewing through Internet even from village level