1 / 31

Naming Inorganic Compounds

Naming Inorganic Compounds. There are 3 main types of Bonding. 1. Ionic 2. Covalent 3. Metallic. Each Type of Bonding deals with a different combination of elements. 1. Ionic: Metal + Nonmetal 2. Covalent: Nonmetal + Nonmetal 3. Metallic: Metal + Metal. (. ). Name of Metal.

marius
Download Presentation

Naming Inorganic Compounds

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Naming Inorganic Compounds

  2. There are 3 main types of Bonding 1. Ionic 2. Covalent 3. Metallic

  3. Each Type of Bonding deals with a different combination of elements 1. Ionic: Metal + Nonmetal 2. Covalent: Nonmetal + Nonmetal 3. Metallic: Metal + Metal

  4. ( ) Name of Metal Root of Non-metal -ide Ionic Rule 1: Metals with a Single Oxidation Number Bound to Non-Metals • The metal will take its positive oxidation number and the non-metal will have to take its negative oxidation number. • Only one compound can be formed

  5. Ionic Rule 1: Metals with a Single Oxidation Number Bound to Non-Metals • Example 1: Sodium reacts with oxygen to produce Na2O, what is the name of this compound • Since there is only one possible compound, we do not have to indicate the number of elements sodium oxide

  6. Al O Ionic Rule 1: Metals with a Single Oxidation Number Bound to Non-Metals • Example 2: What is the chemical formula for aluminum oxide • First write the symbols of the elements • Next write the oxidation number of each element above that element • Switch the oxidation numbers and reduce 3 -2 2

  7. Comprehension Check • What is the name of Mg3N2? • magnesium nitride • What is the name of Li2Se? • lithium selenide • What is the formula for indium chloride? • InCl3 • What is the formula for potassium phosphide? • K3P

  8. ( ) ( ) Name of Metal Metal’s Oxidation State as a Roman Numeral Root of Non-metal -ide Ionic Rule 2: Metals with Multiple Oxidation Numbers Bound to Non-Metals • The metal will take one of its positive oxidation numbers and the non-metal will have to take its negative oxidation number. • Since the metal has more than one possible oxidation number, multiple compounds can be formed • We need a distinct name for each

  9. Ionic Rule 2: Metals with Multiple Oxidation Numbers Bound to Non-Metals • Example 1: What is the name of IrBr6? • First we need to determine how many electrons that iridium needs to lose in order to satisfy 6 bromine atoms. • Each bromine needs one electron • There is only one iridium in this compound • Therefore, the iridium atom will have to supply all six electrons, giving it a +6 oxidation number. iridium(VI) bromide

  10. Hg N Ionic Rule 2: Metals with Multiple Oxidation Numbers Bound to Non-Metals • Example 2: What is the formula for mercury(II) nitride? • First write the symbols of the elements • Next write the oxidation number of each element above that element • Switch the oxidation numbers and reduce 2 -3 3

  11. Comprehension Check • What is the name of RuN? • ruthenium(III) nitride • What is the name of MnO3 • manganese(VI) oxide • What is the formula for paladium(IV) bromide? • PdBr4 • What is the formula for molybdenum(V) sulfide? • Mo2S5

  12. Ionic Rule 3: Metals with a single Oxidation Number Bound to Polyatomic Ions • Polyatomic Ions – strongly bound group of atoms that have either lost or gained electrons and become charged. • List of common Polyatomic Ions are on the back of your Periodic Table • Polyatomic ions act as a single atom, with a single name • Subscripts within the ion cannot be changed • Since there is only one oxidation number for the metals and Polyatomic Ion, only one compound can be produced.

  13. ( ) Name of Metal Name of Polyatomic Ion Ionic Rule 3 : Metals with a single Oxidation Number Bound to Polyatomic Ions • Naming these compounds is just like rule 1, except we do not add –ide to the end of the polyatomic ion

  14. Ionic Rule 3 : Metals with a single Oxidation Number Bound to Polyatomic Ions • What is the name of Mg(NO3)2 • First, you should recognize that there are more than two elements involved, which means that a Polyatomic Ion is involved • Next, look up the Metal in the periodic table and confirm that it has a single oxidation number • Look up the name of the Polyatomic Ion magnesium nitrate

  15. Ca IO2 Ionic Rule 3 : Metals with a single Oxidation Number Bound to Polyatomic Ions • What is the formula for calcium iodite? • First, since the second name does not end in –ide, a polyatomic ion is involved. • Write the symbol for calcium and formula for iodite. • Write the oxidation numbers above the metal and the polyatomic ion • Switch the numbers, and use parenthesis around the polyatomic ion if necessary 2 -1 1 ( )

  16. Comprehension Check • What is the name of KHSO4? • potassium hydrogen sulfate • potassium bisulfate • What is the name of In2(C2O4)3? • indium oxalate • What is the formula of strontium bromate? • Sr(BrO3)2 • What is the formula for germanium phosphate? • Ge3(PO4)4

  17. ( ) Name of Metal Metal’s Oxidation State as a Roman Numeral Name of Polyatomic Ion Ionic Rule 4: Metals with Multiple Oxidation Numbers Bound to Polyatomic Ions • When the metal has more than one possible oxidation number, more than one compound can be formed • We must use Roman Numerals to indicate which oxidation number the metal is using

  18. Ionic Rule 4 : Metals with Multiple Oxidation Numbers Bound to Polyatomic Ions • What is the name of RhSO4? • First, there are more than two elements involved • Look up the oxidation and name of SO4 • Sulfate (-2) • Finally, figure out which oxidation number the metal is using. • There is only one rhodium, so it must account for all of the electrons & would have to take a +2 oxidation number rhodium (II) sulfate

  19. Ni Fe(CN)6 Ionic Rule 4 : Metals with Multiple Oxidation Numbers Bound to Polyatomic Ions • What is the formula for nickel(II) ferrocyanide? • First, since the second name does not end in -ide, a polyatomic ion is involved • Write the symbol for nickel and formula for ferrocyanide • Write the oxidation numbers above the metal and the polyatomic ion • Switch the numbers, and use parenthesis around the polyatomic ion if necessary and reduce 2 -4 4 ( ) 2

  20. Comprehension Check • What is the name of Cr(IO)3? • chromium(III) hypoiodite • What is the name of CuMnO4? • copper(II) manganate or copper(I) permanganate • What is the formula for palladium(IV) ferricyanide? • Pd3(Fe(CN)6)4 • What is the formula for molybdenum(VI) dichormate? • Mo(Cr2O7)3

  21. Covalent Rule 1: Nonmetals Bound to Nonmetals • Since nonmetals have more than one oxidation number, there will always be more than one compound produced • Therefore we have to have a distinct name for each compound • To do this we use a prefix to indicate how many atoms of each element are present Five – penta- Six – hexa- Seven – hepta- Eight – octa- One – mono- Two – di- Three – tri- Four – tetra- Nine – nona Ten – deca

  22. Covalent Rule 1: Nonmetals Bound to Nonmetals • Using prefixes • The prefix mono- is only used on the second element • Ex: PF3 is named phosphorus trifluoride • If two vowels are adjacent, leave them • Ex: NI3 is named nitrogen triiodide • In the case of monoxide only, drop one “o”

  23. Covalent Rule 1: Nonmetals Bound to Nonmetals • Ex 1: What is the name of P2S3? • diphosphorus trisulfide • Ex 2: What is the name of As7I3? • heptaarsenic triiodide • Ex 3: What is the chemical formula of dihydrogen monoxide? • H2O • Ex 4: What is the chemical formula of dinitrogen pentaoxide? • N2O5

  24. ( ) Root of Non-metal acid -ic Hydro- Rule 1: Binary Acids • Acid – any compound that is capable of giving up a positive hydrogen ion (proton) • Strength of acid depends on how easily the hydrogen ion is released • Anytime a compound starts with H, the compound is typically an acid • Water (H2O) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are noteworthy exceptions

  25. Rule 1: Binary Acids • Ex 1: What is the name of HCl? • Since the compound starts with H, it is probably an acid. • Use the prefix hydro-, the suffix -ic, and the word acid hydrochloric acid

  26. Comprehension Check • What is the name of HAt? • hydroastatic acid • What is the name of HBr? • hydrobromic acid • What is the formula for hydroiodic acid? • HI • What is the formula for hydrofluoric acid? • HF

  27. ( ) Root of Polyatomic Ion acid -ic ( ) Root of Polyatomic Ion -ous acid Rule 2: Polyatomic Acids • Identifying Polyatomic Acids • Formula will start with H • Has three or more elements • Naming depends on the ending of the Polyatomic Ion • Ions ending in -ate or -ide • Ions ending in -ite

  28. Rule 2: Polyatomic Acids • Ex 1: What is the name of H3PO4? • First, notice that since the compound starts with H, we are dealing with an acid • Also, there are more than two elements; we should think polyatomic ion • Next, look up the name of the polyatomic ion • Since phosphate ends in -ate, change the suffix to -ic and add the word “acid.” phosphoric acid

  29. Rule 2: Polyatomic Acids • Ex 2: What is the name of H3PO3? • First, notice that since the compound starts with H, we are dealing with an acid • Also, there are more than two elements; we should think polyatomic ion • Next, look up the name of the polyatomic ion • Since phosphite ends in -ite, change the suffix to -ous and add the word “acid.” phosphorous acid

  30. H AlO3 Rule 2: Polyatomic Acids • Ex 3: What is the formula for aluminic acid? • Since there is no hydro prefix, we know that this must be a polyatomic acid. • Next, the -ic ending means that the ion must really end in -ate • We must be looking of the aluminate ion • Because this is an acid, hydrogen will be involved • Write the symbols and oxidation numbers, switch the oxidation numbers, and reduce. 1 3 -3

  31. Comprehension Check • What is the formula for manganic acid? • H2MnO4 • What is the formula for sulfurous acid? • H2SO3 • What is the name of HNO2? • nitrous acid • What is the name of HNO3? • nitric acid

More Related